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''Iochroma'' is a genus of about 34 species of shrubs and small trees found in the forests of South America. They range from Colombia to Argentina or when certain species are excluded (see below) from Colombia to Peru. Their hummingbird pollinated flowers are tubular or trumpet-shaped, and may be blue, purple, red, yellow, or white, becoming pulpy berries. The cupular calyx is inflated in some species. The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire. Iochromas are cultivated as flowering ornamentals and in cooler zones (zones 7-8/9) make useful patio shrubs for summer display or conservatory plants. The majority are not frost hardy and must be overwintered under protection. In warmer zones (zones 9-10) they can be used as landscape plants. They are commonly trained as standards (topiary) to control their size and shape. Iochroma flowers attract hummingbirds (Americas only) and bees to gardens. Like many plants in the Solanaceae, ''Iochroma '' species contain phytochemicals with potential pharmaceutical value but the genus has not been exhaustively studied in this respect. ''Iochroma fuchsioides'' is taken by the medicine men of the Kamsa Indians in the Colombian Andes for difficult diagnoses the unpleasant side effects lasting several days (Schultes & Hoffman 1992). A variety of withanolides (Alfonso et al. 1993) and hydroxycinnamic acid amides (Sattar et al. 1990) have been isolated from ''Iochroma'' species. The family Solanaceae is further divided into subfamilies, tribes and subtribes. ''Iochroma'' is in the subtribe Iochrominae along with the genera ''Acnistus'', ''Dunalia'', ''Eriolarynx'', ''Saracha'', and ''Vassobia''. ==Species== The genus ''Iochroma'' is not completely known. Several of the species listed here are known to have resulted from hybridisation in the wild and there is extensive synonymy which is not recorded here. Recent research indicates that some of the species listed here are not ''Iochroma'' (see notes) although changes in nomenclature have not formally been published. There are also known to be undescribed species. The genus is currently divided into 3 sections. Section Iochroma *''Iochroma albianthum'' S. Leiva *''Iochroma australe'' Grisebach (see notes) *''Iochroma ayabacense'' S. Leiva *''Iochroma calycinum'' Bentham *''Iochroma confertiflorum'' (Miers) Hunziker *''Iochroma cornifolium'' Miers *''Iochroma cyaneum'' (Lindley) M. L. Green *''Iochroma edule'' S. Leiva *''Iochroma fuchsioides'' Miers *''Iochroma gesnerioides'' (Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth) Miers *''Iochroma grandiflorum'' Bentham *''Iochroma loxense'' Miers *''Iochroma nitidum'' S. Leiva & V. Quipuscoa *''Iochroma peruvianum'' (Dunal) J. F. Macbride *''Iochroma piuram'' S. Leiva *''Iochroma sagasteguii'' sp. nov ined. *''Iochroma salpoanum'' S. Leiva & P. Lezama *''Iochroma schjellerupii'' S. Leiva & Quipuscoa *''Iochroma squamosum'' S. Leiva & V. Quipuscoa *''Iochroma stenanthum'' S. Leiva, V. Quipuscoa & N. W. Sawyer *''Iochroma tingoense'' sp. nov ined. *''Iochroma tupayachianum'' S. Leiva *''Iochroma umbellatum'' (Ruiz & Pavon) D'Arcy Section Lehmannia *''Iochroma ellipticum'' (Hook.f.) Hunziker *''Iochroma lehmannii'' Bitter Section Spinosa *''Iochroma cardenasianum'' Hunziker (see notes) *''Iochroma parvifolium'' (Roemer & Schultes) D’Arcy (see notes) Unclassified *''Iochroma warscewiczii'' Regel Notes: ''Iochroma australe'' is not an ''Iochroma'' but an ''Eriolarynx''. Occurring in Bolivia and Argentina this is the southernmost species of ''Iochroma'' and its removal from the genus affects the geographic range as indicated above. ''Iochroma cardenasianum'' is not an ''Iochroma'' and not a member of the tribe Physaleae (incl. subtribe Iochrominae) but the tribe Datureae. ''Iochroma parviflorum'' is not an ''Iochroma'' but a ''Dunalia''. Iochromas as ornamentals Several forms of Iochroma (some wild collected, some garden hybrids) have been given cultivar names. Some of the cultivars have been assigned to species but others, mainly hybrids, have not. There may be some synonymy in this list. *''Iochroma australe'' ‘Andean Snow’ *''Iochroma australe'' ‘Bill Evans’ *''Iochroma australe'' ‘Sunrise’ *''Iochroma calycinum'' ‘Vlasta’s Surprise’ *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Album’ *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Apricot Belle’ *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Indigo’ *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Karl Hartweg’ *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘John Miers’ *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Royal Blue’, *''Iochroma cyaneum'' 'Royal Queen' = ''I. cyaneum'' 'Indigo' *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Sky King’, *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Trebah’ *''Iochroma cyaneum'' ‘Woodcote White’ *''Iochroma gesnerioides'' ‘Coccineum’ *''Iochroma gesnerioides'' var. ''flavum'' *''Iochroma'' ‘Ashcott Red’ *''Iochroma'' ‘Burgundy Bells’ *''Iochroma'' ‘Frosty Plum’ *''Iochroma'' ‘Ilie’s Plum’ *''Iochroma'' ‘Plum Beauty’ *''Iochroma'' ‘Plum Delight’ *''Iochroma'' ‘Purple Haze’ *''Iochroma'' 'Ruby Red' (''I. cyaneum'' 'Royal Blue' x ''I''. 'Sunset') *''Iochroma'' ‘Sunset’ *''Iochroma'' ‘Wine Red’ 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iochroma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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