|
Iranian architecture or Persian architecture is the architecture of Iran and the Iranian Cultural Continent. Its history dates back to at least 5,000 BCE with characteristic examples distributed over a vast area from Turkey and Iraq to Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, and from the Caucasus to Zanzibar. Persian buildings vary from peasant huts to tea houses and garden, pavilions to "some of the most majestic structures the world has ever seen".〔Arthur Upham Pope. ''Introducing Persian Architecture''. Oxford University Press. London. 1971. p.1〕 In addition to historic gates, palaces, and mosques, the rapid growth of cities such as the capital, Tehran (Architecture of Tehran) has brought about a wave of demolition and new construction. Iranian architecture displays great variety, both structural and aesthetic, from a variety of traditions and experience. Without sudden innovations, and despite the repeated trauma of invasions and cultural shocks, it has achieved "an individuality distinct from that of other Muslim countries".〔Arthur Upham Pope. ''Persian Architecture''. George Braziller, New York, 1965. p.266〕 Its paramount virtues are: "a marked feeling for form and scale; structural inventiveness, especially in vault and dome construction; a genius for decoration with a freedom and success not rivaled in any other architecture".〔Arthur Upham Pope. ''Persian Architecture''. George Braziller, New York, 1965. p.266〕 Traditionally, the guiding formative motif of Iranian architecture has been its cosmic symbolism "by which man is brought into communication and participation with the powers of heaven".〔Nader Ardalan and Laleh Bakhtiar. ''Sense of Unity; The Sufi Tradition in Persian Architecture''. 2000. ISBN 1-871031-78-8〕 This theme has not only given unity and continuity to the architecture of Persia, but has been a primary source of its emotional character as well. According to Persian historian and archaeologist Arthur Pope, the supreme Iranian art, in the proper meaning of the word, has always been its architecture. The supremacy of architecture applies to both pre-and post-Islamic periods.〔Arthur Pope, ''Introducing Persian Architecture''. Oxford University Press. London. 1971.〕 ==Fundamental principles== Traditional Persian architecture has maintained a continuity that, although temporarily distracted by internal political conflicts or foreign invasion, nonetheless has achieved an unmistakable style. In this architecture, "there are no trivial buildings; even garden pavilions have nobility and dignity, and the humblest caravanserais generally have charm. In expressiveness and communicativity, most Persian buildings are lucid - even eloquent. The combination of intensity and simplicity of form provides immediacy, while ornament and, often, subtle proportions reward sustained observation."〔Arthur Upham Pope. ''Persian Architecture''. George Braziller, New York, 1965. p.10〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iranian architecture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|