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Ishikism, ('Ishik-ism ) ((トルコ語:Işıkçılık)) or Ishik Alevism ('), also known as Chinarism ('), is a syncretic religious movement among Alevis who have developed an alternative understanding of Alevism and its history. These alternative interpretations and beliefs were inspired by Turkish writer Erdoğan Çınar with the publication of his book ''Aleviliğin Gizli Tarihi'' (''The Secret History of Alevism'') in 2004. Çınar and his book received lots of criticism from Alevis and Alevi Dedes (for example Baki Güngör dede), who claim that his book is full of lies and contradictions and consider it as yet another attempt of atheistic ''Yolyezidler'' (enemies of the Path) to assimilate the Alevis and to separate them from the mystic teachings of Haji Bektash Veli, Pir Sultan Abdal, Yunus Emre, the Twelve Imams, etc. The Ishik movement claim that the term "Alevi" is derived from the old Anatolian Luvians, claiming that the word "Luvi" means "People of light" in the Hittite language. Some Ottoman documents from the 16th century refer to the ancestors of today's Alevis as "Işık Taifesi", meaning "People of Light". This is, according to Ishikīs, a proof of the connection between the Luvians and Alevis. Mainstream Alevis reject all of this. They consider the term ''"Alevi"'' to mean "follower of Ali", as in the Arabic word ‘Alawī (علوي). They further consider themselves followers of the teachings and practices of 13th century Alevi saint Haji Bektash Veli. ==Self-image== Ishikīs consider themselves to be esotericists, claiming that Alevism is Esotericism itself, meaning that they identify themselves with every type of esotericism in history (e.g. Jewish esotericists, Christian esotericists, Islamic and Pagan esotericism etc.) They claim that Alevis is the oldest religion in the world, that has changed shapes throughout time. This "First and True Religion" of the world, is claimed to have been the main source for all other religions and beliefs in the world: The Ishikīs also claim that the religious ceremonies practiced by Alevis were practiced as early as by the Hittites and even by the Sumerians. According to Ishikīs, medieval Christian sects as Paulicianism, Bogomilism etc. were also Alevis. A good example of this belief can be found in the translation of the book ''The Cathars: The Most Successful Heresy of the Middle Ages'' (2005) by Sean Martin. Even though the original English version does not contain the word "Alevi", the Turkish translator has translated the title of the book as ''Ortaçağ'da Avrupa'da Alevi Hareketi - Katharlar'' (An Alevi Movement in The Middle Ages – The Cathars). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ishikism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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