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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Ishma ： ウィキペディア英語版 Ishma Ishma ((アラビア語:اشمة)) in Arabic means, "the acceptance of the community", used particularly in validating Muslim hadith. Ishma is regional; what is considered accepted by the community varies across communities. It is determined by community leaders. For instance, the authority of Bukhari and Muslim, the two most respected transmitters of hadith, is reinforced by Ishma. ==Related terms== * Al-rijal The personal qualities of the transmitter. Literally, "the men". * Marifat al-rijal The process of wounding (jar h) or validating a transmitter's reputation. Literally, "to know the man/the transmitter". This process is more subjective than the science of isnad criticism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ishma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.