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According to the Book of Genesis, Ishmaelites (Arabic: ''Bani Isma'il'', Hebrew: ''Bnai Yishma'el'') are the descendants of Ishmael, the elder son of Abraham. ==Traditional origins== According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham's first wife was named Sarah and her Egyptian handmaid was named Hagar. However Sarah could not conceive. According to Genesis 16:3 Sarah (then Sarai) gave her maid Hagar in marriage to Abraham, in order that Abraham might have an heir. Genesis 16: 3 states, "And Sarai Abram's wife took Hagar her maid....and gave her to her husband Abram to be his wife”. Hagar conceived Ishmael from Abraham, and the Ishmaelites descend from him. After Abraham pleaded with God for Ishmael to live under his blessing, Genesis 17:20 states, "But as for Ishmael, I have heard thee: behold I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation." The Samaritan book ''Asaṭīr'' says in chapter VIII: "1. And after the death of Abraham, Ishmael reigned twenty seven years; 2. And all the children of Nebaot ruled for one year in the lifetime of Ishmael; 3. And for thirty years after his death from the river of Egypt to the river Euphrates; and they built Mecca.; 4. For thus it is said (in Genesis 25:16): 'As thou goest towards Ashur before all his brethren he lay.'" This text has been dated by Gaster to the third century BCE but its Aramaic more resembles the language used by the scholar Ab Hisda in the eleventh century.〔''A Companion to Samaritan Studies'', ed. by Alan David Crown, ''et al.'' p. 34〕 Josephus states "were born to Ishmael twelve sons: Nabaioth, Kedar, Abdeel, Mabsam, Idumas, Masmoas, Massaos, Chodad, Theman, Jetur, Naphesus, Cadmas". These inhabited all the country from Euphrates to the Red Sea, and called it Nabatene. Palestinian targum further explain Genesis 25:16: "And they (children of Ishmael) dwelled from Hindikia (Indian Ocean) to Palusa (Pelusiumt, which is before Egypt) as thou goest to Atur (Assyria)." The 14th century CE ''Kebra Nagast'' says in chapter 83: "Many countries are enumerated over which Ishmael ruled." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ishmaelites」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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