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Lingayatism , is a distinct Shaivite denomination practiced in India. It makes several departures from mainstream Hinduism and propounds monotheism through worship centered on Lord Shiva in the form of ''Ishtalinga''. Like Buddhism, Jainism, Śramaṇa, Cārvāka and Sikhism, it rejects the authority of the Vedas〔("Lingayatism – An Independent Religion" ). Lingayatreligion.com. Retrieved on 28 November 2015.〕 and the caste system.〔Ataulla, Naheed (10 October 2013). ("Lingayats renew demand for separate religion" ). ''The Times of India''. Retrieved on 28 November 2015.〕〔("Lingayats Are Not Hindus" ). ''The New Indian Express''. 5 January 2015. Retrieved on 28 November 2015.〕 However, Lingayatism does share some beliefs with Hinduism, such as reincarnation and karma.〔(Veerashaiva Samaja of North America | VSNA Philosophy & FAQs )〕〔"(Lingayat )." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 09 Jul. 2010.〕〔http://lingayatreligion.com/LingayatTerms/Samsara.htm〕〔http://lingayatreligion.com/LingayatTerms/Karma_or_Karma-Traya.htm〕 Lingayatism was founded by the 12th-century philosopher and statesman Basava and spread by his followers, called Sharanas.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=What is Lingayatism/Lingayat? )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Lingayat Religion - Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements, Jayant Lele )〕 The adherents of this faith are known as ''Lingayats''. Both the terms ''Lingayatism'' and ''Lingayats'' are derived from Kannada word ''lingavanta'' for the "one who wears a ''iṣṭaliṅga'' ((カンナダ語:ಇಷ್ಟಲಿಂಗ))". The Lingayat ''iṣṭaliṅga'' is an oval-shaped emblem symbolising Parashiva, the absolute reality, and is worn on the body by a cord hung around the neck.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Creator of Ishtalinga )〕 The terms ''Lingayatism'' and ''Veerashaivism'', which is a Vedic Shaivite cult founded by the ''Panchacharyas'' which also includes wearing ''Ishtalinga'' as a significant ritual of observance, have been used synonymosly, both by public and recognized by Governments, though its validity is the source of the biggest contemporary theological and historical debate related to Lingayatism.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title='Veerashaivas, Lingayats are Same' - Prof. M. Chidananda Murthy )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Lingayat is an independent religion: Seer )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Veerashaivas are part of Hindu religion: Ayanur Manjunath )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Lingayats renew demand for separate religion )〕 Nevertheless, Lingayats are also invariably identified and referred as ''Veerashaivas''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Declare Veerashaiva Lingayat a religion: Shivashankarappa )〕 Contemporary Lingayatism is a rich blend of reform-based theology propounded by Basava and ancient Shaivite tradition and customs, with huge influence among the masses in South India, especially in the state of Karnataka. Today, Lingayats, along with Shaiva Siddhanta followers, Tirunelveli Saiva Pillai, Kashmiri Shaivas, Naths, Pashupaths of Nepal, Kapalikas and others constitute the major portion of the Shaiva population.〔For an overview of the Shaiva Traditions, see Flood, Gavin, "The Śaiva Traditions", in: Flood (2003), pp. 200-228. For an overview that concentrates on the Tantric forms of Śaivism, see Alexis Sanderson's magisterial survey article ''Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions'', pp.660--704 in ''The World's Religions'', edited by Stephen Sutherland, Leslie Houlden, Peter Clarke and Friedhelm Hardy, London: Routledge, 1988.〕〔(Shaivam )〕〔.〕 ==Early history== (詳細はBasava founded the philosophy of the Lingayatism and gave ''Ishta linga'' - in the form of a universal divine concept for worship. He eventually began to propagate the lingayatism as a movement with rational, humanitarian and egalitarian outlook, and was determined to educate and spread the knowledge of the ''Ishta Linga'' after having been enlightened by it.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Birth of Basavanna )〕 Basava founded Anubhava Mantapa to establish spiritual social and economic democracy, which is regarded as the world's first parliament. People from all walks of life embraced Basava's thoughts and became Lingayats. In the same way, Veerashaivas also embraced Lingayatism and became Lingayats and due to similar rituals centered on worship of Lord Shiva, Veerashaivas merged into lingayatism. While the Indian society had converted workmanship into castes, Basava reversed the castes into workmanship again. The Society differentiated people based on birth while Basava offered equal status to all. As a result, large numbers of different caste people took Linga-Deeksha and became Lingayats. He rebelled against the rigid practices of the caste system then prevalent in orthodox Hindu society (and as a result in earlier Veerashaiva/Lingayat traditions), and eventually began expounding his own philosophy with a casteless society at its core. His egalitarian philosophy and reform movement attracted large numbers of people. Saints like Allama Prabhu, Akka Mahadevi and Channabasavanna also played pivotal roles in the growth of today's Lingayat tradition.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Path of Basavanna )〕 Basavanna lived and taught in the northern part of what is now Karnataka, India. This movement found its roots during the brief rule of the southern Kalachuri dynasty in those parts of the state. Basavanna preached that the devotion of people to God was a direct relationship and did not need the intervention of the priestly class. Temple building is generally not practised among Lingayats.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Teachings of Basavanna )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lingayatism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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