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| Islam in Italy ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Islam in Italy
Islam is a major Abrahamic religion practiced by a minority of people in Italy. According to 2011 estimates.〔http://www.fgi-tbff.org/sites/default/files/elfinder/FGIImages/Research/fromresearchtopolicy/ipsos_mori_briefing_pack.pdf〕 2% of the population adhere to this faith.
Muslim presence in Italy dates back to the 9th century, when Sicily came under control of the Abbasid Caliphate. There was a large Muslim presence in Italy from 827 (the first occupation of Mazara) until the XII century. The Norman conquest of Sicily led to a gradual decline of Islam, due to conversions and emigration of Muslims toward Northern Africa. A small Muslim community however survived at least until 1300 (the destruction of the Muslim settlement of Lucera). Thereafter, until the 20th century, Islam was virtually non-existent in Italy.
During the 20th century, the first Somali immigrants from Italian Somaliland began to arrive. In more recent years, there has been migration from Albania, Morocco, Egypt, and Tunisia.〔(Statistiche demografiche ISTAT )〕
==Legal status==
Islam is not formally recognised by the state. The official recognition of a religion different from Catholicism on behalf of the Italian Government is in fact to be approved by the President of the Republic under request of the Italian Minister of the Interior, following a signed agreement between the proposing religious community and the government. Such recognition does not merely depend on the number of followers of a given religion, and it requires congruence between the proposing religion principles and the Constitution.〔(Italian Ministry of the Interior - Regulations between Italian Government and other religions )〕 Official recognition gives an organised religion a chance to benefit from a national "religion tax", known as the Eight per thousand. Other religions, including Judaism and smaller groups, such as the Assemblies of God, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Seventh-Day Adventists, already enjoy the official recognition in the form of signed agreements with the Italian government. In 2005, a council composed of Muslim people, the Council for Italian Islam, was founded by the Italian Minister of the Interior.〔(Council for Italian Islam description page on Italian Minister of the Interior website )〕 Strong disagreement between Council members slows its work.〔(''Islam, Islamism and Jihadism in Italy'' by Lorenzo Vidino on Hudson Institute website )〕〔(News from Corriere della Sera archive )〕〔(''Islam, Islamism and Jihadism in Italy'' by Lorenzo Vidino on Hudson Institute website )〕
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