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Isomaltooligosaccharide
Isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) is a mixture of short-chain carbohydrates which has a digestion-resistant property. IMO is found naturally in some foods, as well as being manufactured commercially. The raw material used for manufacturing IMO is starch, which is enzymatically converted into a mixture of isomaltooligosaccharide.
== Chemistry ==
The term “oligosaccharide” encompasses carbohydrates that are larger than simple di- or tri-saccharides, but smaller than polysaccharides (greater than 10 units). Isomalto-oligosaccharides or IMO, specifically, are glucose oligomers with α-D-(1,6)-linkages, including among others isomaltose, panose, isomaltotriose, isomaltotetraose, isomaltopentaose, nigerose, kojibiose, and higher branched oligosaccharides.〔PDRNS. 2001. Prebiotics. in: PDR for Nutritional Supplements (1st Ed.). Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR); Demoines, Iowa/Medical Economics Data Production Company; Montvale, New Jersey, pp. 372-375〕 While human intestinal enzymes readily digest α(1,4)-glycosidic bonds, α(1,6)-linkages are not easily hydrolyzed and exhibit a digestion-resistant property, therefore, partially digest in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Isomalto-oligosaccharides are normal components of the human diet that occur naturally in a number of fermented foods, including rice miso, soy sauce, and sake.〔Hondo, S. & Mochizuki, T., Free Sugars in Miso. Nipon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi 26(11), (1979) 469-472〕〔Nishino, R.; Ozawa, Y.; Yasuda, A.; Sakasai, T. 1981. (in soy sauce ). Denpun Kagaku 28(2):125-131 (with English summary )〕〔Tungland, B.C.; Meyer, D. 2002. Nondigestible oligo-and polysaccharides (dietary fiber): Their physiology and role in human health and food. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Safety 3:73-92〕 Isomaltose one of the α(1,6) linked disaccharide components of IMO, has been identified as a natural constituent of honey.〔White, J.W.; Hoban, N. 1959. Composition of honey. IV. Identification of the disaccharides. Arch Biochem Biophys 80(2):386-392〕 IMO is a sweet-tasting, high-density honey like syrup in appearance which could be spray dried into powder form.
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