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Isonomia
''Isonomia'' (ἰσονομία "equality of political rights,"〔Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon〕〔The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes", Mogens Herman Hansen, ISBN 1-85399-585-1, P.81-84〕 from the Greek ἴσος ''isos'', "equal," and νόμος ''nomos'', "usage, custom, law,"〔) was a word used by ancient Greek writers such as Herodotus〔Herodotus 3.80〕 and Thucydides〔Thucydides 3.82, 4.78〕 to refer to some kind of popular government. It was subsequently eclipsed until brought back into English as isonomy ("equality of law").
==Ancient usage==
Mogens Herman Hansen has argued that, although often translated as "equality of law," ''isonomia'' was in fact something else.〔 Along with ''isonomia'', the Athnians used several terms for equality〔 all compounds beginning with ''iso-'': ''isegoria''〔Demosthenes 15.18〕 (equal right to address the political assemblies), ''isopsephos polis''〔Euripides, The Suppliant Woman, 353. Ste Croix (1981) 285〕 (one man one vote) and ''isokratia''〔Herodotus 5.92〕 (equality of power).
When Herodotus invents a debate among the Persians over what sort of government they should have, he has Otanes speak in favor of ''isonomia'' when, based on his description of it, we might expect him to call the form of government he favors "democracy."
The rule of the people has the fairest name of all, equality (''isonomia''), and does none of the things that a monarch does. The lot determines offices, power is held accountable, and deliberation is conducted in public.〔
Thucydides used ''isonomia'' as an alternative to dynastic oligarchy〔Thucydides 4.78〕 and moderate aristocracy.〔Thucydides 3.82〕 In time the word ceased to refer to a particular political regime; Plato uses it to refer to simply equal rights〔Plato, ''Republic'' 563b〕 and Aristotle does not use the word at all.〔(Perseus Project search )〕
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