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The Negev Bedouin ((アラビア語:بدو النقب), ''Badū an-Naqab''; (ヘブライ語:הבדואים בנגב) ''Habeduim Banegev'') are traditionally pastoral nomadic Arab tribes living in the Negev region in Israel. From 1858 during Ottoman rule, a process of sedentarization was imposed on the Negev Bedouin which accelerated after the founding of Israel.〔 In the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, most resettled in neighbouring regions. Between 1968 and 1989, Israel built seven townships in the northeast of the Negev for the Bedouin population, with about half of them relocating to these areas. Others remained in unrecognized villages built without planning which lacked basic services such as electricity and running water. The Israeli government has gradually recognized some of them and taken measures to improve infrastructure and basic services, while the majority are slated for destruction with the population facing forced displacement.〔 The Prawer Plan was drawn up to address land ownership claims and compensation. The plan also called for the evacuation of 35 unrecognized villages and the resettlement of residents in existing or new towns. According to human rights organizations opposed to the plan, it discriminated against the Bedouin population of the Negev and violated the community's historic land rights.〔(Bedouins in Israel Protest Plan to Regulate Settlement )〕 In December 2013, the plan was rescinded.〔(Israeli government claims 80% of Bedouin agree to resettlement; Bedouin leader: State is lying )〕 The Bedouin population in the Negev numbers 200,000-210,000. Just over half of them live in seven government-built Bedouin-only towns; the remaining 90,000 live in 46 villages – 35 of which are unrecognized and 11 of which were officially recognized 10 years ago.〔 The rate of growth of the Negev Bedouin is the highest in the world – the Bedouin population doubles its size every 15 years.〔(Bedouin in the Negev )〕 ==Characteristics== Negev Bedouin are formerly nomadic and later also semi-nomadic Arabs who live by rearing livestock in the deserts of southern Israel. The community is traditional and conservative, with a well-defined value system that directs and monitors behaviour and interpersonal relations. The Negev Bedouin tribes have been divided into three classes, according to their origin: descendants of ancient Arabian nomads (originated from the Arabian peninsula, mainly from Saudi Arabia〔(Bedouin Culture in Dahab )〕), descendants of Sinai Bedouin tribes, and Palestinian peasants (Fellaheen) who came from cultivated areas.〔(1 )〕 Al-Tarabin tribe is the largest tribe in the Negev and the Sinai Peninsula, Al-Tarabin along with Al-Tayaha, and Al-Azazma are the largest tribes in the Negev.〔(2 )〕 The Tayaha tribe is of israelite origin the word Al-Tiyaha means "the lost ones" in Arabic, the tribe inhabit the Al-Tiyah area (the country of Al-Tiyaha بلاد التياها) in central of Sinai, which is the land where the children of Israel lost for forty years. Counter to the image of the Bedouin as fierce stateless nomads roving the entire region, by the turn of the 20th century, much of the Bedouin population in Palestine was settled, semi-nomadic, and engaged in agriculture according to an intricate system of land ownership, grazing rights, and water access.〔〔 〕 Today, many Bedouin call themselves 'Negev Arabs' rather than 'Bedouin', explaining that 'Bedouin' identity is intimately tied in with a pastoral nomadic way of life – a way of life they say is over. Although the Bedouin in Israel continue to be perceived as nomads, today all of them are fully sedentarized, and about half are urbanites. Nevertheless, Negev Bedouin continue to possess sheep and goats: In 2000 the Ministry of Agriculture estimated that the Negev Bedouin owned 200,000 head of sheep and 5,000 of goats, while Bedouin estimates referred to 230,000 sheep and 20,000 goats.〔Aref Abu Rabia. "Employment and Unemployment among the Negev Bedouin"; Nomadic Peoples, Vol. 4, 2000〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Negev Bedouin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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