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The Istvaeones, also called Istaevones, Istriaones, Istriones, Sthraones, and Thracones, were a Germanic tribal grouping in the 1st century AD. Their name was recorded by Tacitus and Pliny the Elder in the 1st century AD. They categorized them as one of the nations of Germanic tribes descended from one of the sons of Mannus, a Germanic ancestor. The other two such peoples were Ingvaeones and Irminones. The Istvaeonic languages, such as Dutch, are also named after the Istvaeones because they are associated with a similar geographical area, which is where they appear some centuries later than the reports of Tacitus and Pliny. (Whether or not the original Istvaeones of Tacitus and Pliny spoke a language ancestral to modern Istvaeonic is not certain, but it is possible. Some of the "Germanic" tribes living near the Rhine in that era may not even have spoken a Germanic language.) Tacitus, in his ''Germania'' (chapter 2) writes In their ancient songs, their only way of remembering or recording the past, they celebrate an earth-born god, Tuisco, and his son Mannus, as the origin of their race, as their founders. To Mannus they assign three sons, from whose names, they say, the coast tribes are called Ingævones; those of the interior, Herminones; all the rest, Istævones. Some, with the freedom of conjecture permitted by antiquity, assert that the god had several descendants, and the nation several appellations, as Marsi, Gambrivii, Suevi, Vandilii, and that these are genuine old names.〔(Tac. Ger. 2 )〕 Pliny the Elder writes that there are five races of Germania, one of which is the Istævones, who live near the Rhine.〔(Plin. Nat. 4.28 )〕 Jacob Grimm in the book ''Deutsche Mythologie'' argued that ''Iscaevones'' was the correct form, partly because it would connect the name to an ancestor figure in Norse mythology named Ask, and partly because in Nennius where the name ''Mannus'' is corrupted as ''Alanus'', the ancestor of the Istaevones appears as ''Escio'' or ''Hisicion''. There the sons of this figure are, fantastically, from Frankish tradition, Francus, Romanus, Alamanus, and Bruttus, the supposed ancestors of the Franks, Latins, Germans and Britons. This seems to reflect Frankish desire to connect the Franks with the people they ruled. == References == 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Istvaeones」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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