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The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) is a United States military (specifically U.S. Army, USSOCOM, and U.S. Marine Corps) program to part-replace the Humvee that is currently in service〔(JLTV HMMWV replacement details and specifications )〕 with a family of more survivable vehicles with greater payload. JLTV traces back to 2005 but publicly emerged in January 2006, with early government requests for information noting: "In response to an operational need and an ageing fleet of light tactical wheeled vehicles, the joint services have developed a requirement for a new tactical wheeled vehicle platform that will provide increased force protection, survivability, and improved capacity over the current Up-Armoured High-Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (UAH) while balancing mobility and transportability requirements with total ownership costs." The joint service nature of the effort was assured through Congressional language in the Fiscal Year 2006 (FY06) Authorization Act, which mandated that any future tactical wheeled vehicle program would be a joint program.〔 The JLTV program incorporates lessons learned from the earlier and now halted Future Tactical Truck Systems (FTTS) program and other associated efforts.〔 JLTV has evolved throughout various development phases and milestones but variants will be capable of performing armament carrier, utility, command and control (shelter), ambulance, reconnaissance and a variety of other tactical and logistic support roles. JLTV will be manufactured to comply with the US Army's Long Term Armor Strategy (LTAS).〔 The JLTV program was in danger of being outpaced by the rapid development of lightweight MRAPs.〔(Pentagon push for vehicle program menaces another ). Guardian〕 The JLTV program (including numbers required and pricing) evolved considerably as the program developed and requirements stabilized. Oshkosh's L-ATV was selected as the winner of the JLTV program on 25 August 2015. Lockheed Martin had filed a protest of the award on 9 September. ==History== The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), which first entered service in 1985, was developed during the Cold War when improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and asymmetric warfare were not a major factor for military planners. The HMMWV's demonstrated vulnerability to IEDs and the difficulties and costs experienced in satisfactorily up-armoring HMMWVs led to the development of a family of more survivable vehicles with greater payload and mobility. JLTV was originally reported as a one-for-one HMMWV replacement, however US DOD officials now emphasize that JLTVs are not intended to replace all HMMWVs. The Joint Chief of Staff's Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC) approved the JLTV program In November 2006, this beginning a 13-month Concept Refinement phase which is a pre-systems acquisition process designed to further develop the initial concepts resident in the Initial Capabilities Document (ICD). The Concept Refinement phase also includes an Analysis of Alternatives (AoA). At the conclusion of the Concept Refinement phase in December 2007, the Joint Program Office (JPO) JLTV Project Manager (PM) intended to transition the program directly into the Engineering, Manufacturing, and Development (EMD) phase. However, as the calendar date for the milestone approached, it became clear that the Milestone Decision Authority (MDA), Defense Acquisition Executive (DAE), John Young, would not support the JLTV program entering into the acquisition process at that time. He denied the request and instructed the Army and the Marine Corps to develop a more vigorous Technology Development (TD) phase. 〔 The DOD released a Request for Proposal (RFP) for the TD phase of the JLTV program on 5 February 2008. Industry proposals were due no later than 7 April. TD phase contract award was postponed in July 2008.〔 The following companies and partnerships responded to the TD phase RFP: * Boeing, Textron and Millenworks〔(Defense Markets Summary October 2007 - from www.Defense-Update.com )〕〔(A Little LUV for the Future Military Jeep ). Defense Tech〕 * General Dynamics and AM General (as "General Tactical Vehicles")〔(AM General and General Dynamics Announce Joint Venture Company ). globalsecurity.org〕 * Force Protection Inc and DRS Technologies〔(TheStreet.com : Weak MRAP Order Wrecks Force Protection | Aerospace/Defense | CRDN FRPT NAVZ OSK )〕〔(DRS Technologies, Force Protection team to compete for JLTV programme )〕 (officially rejected on 14 August 2008).〔http://www.secinfo.com/dVut2.t9Qq.htm〕 * BAE Systems and Navistar * Northrop Grumman, Oshkosh Truck and Plasan * Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems Land & Armaments Global Tactical Systems, Alcoa Defense and JWF Industries.〔(Lockheed Martin And Armor Holdings Announce Teaming Agreement For Joint Light Tactical Vehicles ). globalsecurity.org〕〔() Wired.com〕 * Blackwater and Raytheon〔(Blackwater, Raytheon Pitch JLTV Candidate ). Defense News〕 On 29 October 2008, the Pentagon narrowed the field of vendors to Lockheed Martin, General Tactical Vehicles and BAE Systems/Navistar. Each team were awarded contracts worth between $35.9 million and $45 million to begin the next phase of the program, which at the time was stated to be worth $20 billion or more.〔http://news.moneycentral.msn.com/provider/providerarticle.aspx?feed=AP&date=20081029&id=9324412〕 The Northrop Grumman/Oshkosh group contested the awards but, their protest was denied by the Government Accountability Office on 17 February 2009. Australia signed an agreement in February 2009 to fund nine of the first 30 JLTV prototypes.〔(CRS RS22942 Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV): Background and Issues for Congress )〕 While a final decision has yet to be made, the Australian Government is now pursuing the Hawkei a domestically developed vehicle through Thales-Australia〔()〕 India became interested in the program in 2009.〔McLeary, Paul. ("Officials Report Progress With JLTV" ). Aviation Week, 7 October 2009.〕 India is currently pursuing an indigenous solution. Israel and the UK have also expressed interest in the program.〔 On 1 June 2010, it was confirmed that all three contractors had delivered seven JLTV platforms for TD phase evaluation. The U.S. Army appeared to have reduced its support for the program at this time, omitting JLTV numbers from its tactical vehicle strategy published in June 2010.〔(JLTV Sinking, EFV Wobbly )〕〔http://images.dodbuzz.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Army-Truck-Program-Report.pdf ARMY TRUCK PROGRAM (TACTICAL WHEELED VEHICLE ACQUISITION STRATEGY)〕 However, the U.S. Army clarified that JLTVs are slated to both replace and complement the Humvee.〔〔(). U.S. Army〕 JLTV's TD phase lasted 27 months and in May 2011 it was completed. In February 2011, the JLTV Program Office announced the award of the follow-on Engineering and Manufacturing Development phase contract would be delayed until January or February 2012 because the Army changed requirements for the JLTV, requiring it to have the same level of under body protection as the Mine-Resistant, Ambush-Protected All-Terrain Vehicle (M-ATV).〔 Upon exiting the TD phase CDD version 3.3 was published. By the time CDD version 3.3 was published, payload options had been reduced to only two. CDD version 3.3 dropped payload verbiage and replaced it with variants. From that point on there were only two required variants; The Combat Tactical Vehicle (CTV) configuration, which would replace the previous Category A and Category B configurations, would be a 4-seat vehicle with a 3,500 pound payload. The Category B variant was eliminated because it proved to be too heavy to meet the required weight of approximately 15,639 pounds to make it transportable by Army CH-47F and Marine Corps CH-53K helicopters. The Combat Support Vehicle (CSV), which would replace the previous Category C configuration, would be a 2-seat vehicle with a 5,100 pound payload. The two variants that appeared in CDD version 3.3 now had requirements for configurations. Configuration refers to the different types of mission packages that will be installed into each of the two variants. CDD version 3.3 required six configurations.〔 The draft Request for Proposals (RFP) for JLTV's EMD phase was released on 2 October 2011. This called for an average unit manufacturing cost between $230,000 and $270,000 across the JLTV family of vehicles. The cost target for the B-kit armor package remains at USD65,000. EMD phase requirements also created some trade space for industry by easing weight and mobility constraints. At this time JLTV was in danger of severe budget cuts and possible full cancellation in the wake of spiraling costs, delays and defense-wide budgetary cutbacks; it was also competing against the HMMWV Modernized Expanded Capacity Vehicle (MECV) program, the draft RfP for which was released on 11 August 2011. On 26 January 2012 the Request for Proposals for JLTV's EMD phase was released. Budget priorities for FY13 released on the same day included the termination of the HMMWV MECV Recap program in order to focus vehicle modernization resources on JLTV.〔 Not all of the TD phase contract award teamings remained in place for the EMD phase. By late March 2012 (bids due 27 March), it was clear that at least six teams had submitted responses to the EMD phase RFP,〔http://www.dodbuzz.com/2012/03/28/race-to-replace-humvee-keeps-growing/〕 and following EMD phase contract awards on 23 August 2012, in September Hardwire LLC disclosed itself as a previously unknown seventh bidder. The bidders were: * AM General (still at the time teamed with GTV for a separate offering) offered the Blast-Resistant Vehicle - Off Road (BRV-O), a product based on its own R&D, and a design that leveraged some of AM General's then recent experience with HMMWV MECV designs. * BAE Systems (previously teamed with Navistar) realigned its team for the EMD phase to include Ford (Ford Motor Company's Power Stroke 6.7 liter turbocharged diesel engine; Ford had been considering participating in the JLTV's EMD competition with its own offering) and proposed a design that capitalized on earlier TD phase work with the Valanx. * GTV dropped its TD phase developed design and opted to offer a lowest risk solution, a further development of the in-production MOWAG Eagle. * Lockheed Martin opted to stay with its TD phase offering, albeit a version that according to the company was "hundreds of pounds lighter in weight." * Navistar, which broke away from BAE Systems for the EMD phase, offered a variant of its Saratoga light tactical vehicle, this unveiled in October 2011 as a middle-ground offering between the HMMWV and JLTV, the latter with its then current TD phase spec still technically in place. * Oshkosh proposed a variant of the company's L-ATV, unveiled in October 2011. L-ATV has developmental origins that trace back to Oshkosh/Northrop-Grumman's failed initial JLTV proposal. * Hardwire offered a proposal featuring a hybrid-electric drive train. Hardwire's armor solutions have been employed on MRAP vehicles, and the company is known for developing an innovative "blast chimney" that it designed to provide an outlet for energy released in an underbelly blast.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joint Light Tactical Vehicle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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