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Jamaat-e-Islami (Urdu: جماعتِ اسلامی) is an Islamic political organisation and social conservative movement founded in 1941 in British India by the Islamist theologian and socio-political philosopher, Abul Ala Maududi.〔van der Veer P. and Munshi S. (eds.) ("Media, War, and Terrorism: Responses from the Middle East and Asia." ) Psychology Press, 2004 p138. ISBN 0415331404, 9780415331401.〕 Along with the Muslim Brotherhood, founded in 1926, Jamaat-e-Islami was one of the original and most influential Islamist organisations, and the first of its kind to develop "an ideology based on the modern revolutionary conception of Islam".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/ji.htm )〕 The group split into separate independent organisations in India and Pakistan -- Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan and Jamaat-e-Islami Hind—following the Partition of India in 1947. Other groups related to or inspired by Jamaat-e-Islami developed in Bangladesh, Kashmir, Britain, and Afghanistan (see below). The Jamaat-e-Islami parties maintain ties internationally with other Muslim groups.〔Haqqani, ''Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military'', 2010: p.171〕 Maududi created the party to influence the leadership of the Muslim community, dominated by the Muslim League, who sought a separate, independent state for Muslims (to be called Pakistan) following the withdrawal of the British from India. The Muslim League wanted to prevent domination of Muslims by the majority Hindus, but expressed no interest in an Islamic state, i.e. ruling the state according to ''Sharia'' law, the traditional injunctions of the Quran and Sunnah. These included abolition of interest-charged on loans, sexual separation and veiling of women, hadd penalties such as flogging and amputation for alcohol consumption, theft, fornication, and other crimes. Maududi created Jamaat-e-Islami with the objective of making post-colonial India (or a separate Muslim state if the Muslim League got its wish), an Islamic state. Although this would be the result of an "Islamic revolution", the revolution was to be achieved not through a mass organising or a popular uprising but by what he called "Islamization from above", by winning over society's leaders through education and propaganda, and through putting the right people (Jamaat-e-Islami members) in positions of power.〔〔 incrementally and through legal means.〔Haqqani, ''Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military'', 2010: p.122〕 Mawdudi believed politics was "an integral, inseparable part of the Islamic faith". Islamic ideology and non-Islamic ideologies (such as capitalism and socialism, liberalism or secularism) were mutually exclusive. The creation of an Islamic state would be not only be an act of piety but would be a cure for all of the many (seemingly non-religious) social and economic problems that Muslims faced.〔 Those working for an Islamic state would not stop at India or Pakistan but would effect a sweeping revolution among mankind, and control all aspects of the world's life. ==Groups associated with Jamaat-e-Islami== * Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, based in Pakistan. In 1947, Jamaat-e-Islami moved its operations to West-Pakistan after Independence.〔Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism, 2012:p.223〕 * Jamaat-e-Islami Hind, based in India. Founded by Jamaat-e-Islami Members who remained in India after 1947 independence. * Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, based in Bangladesh, legalized 1975. During the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, Jamaat-e-Islami opposed the independence of Bangladesh, and was banned after independence was achieved. It was made legal after Maj. Gen. Ziaur Rahman staged a coup in 1975. * Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir, in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It was formed in 1953 after the pro-plebiscite chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir was arrested by the Indian government.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jamaateislamijk.org/about-us/81-jama-at-e-islami-jammu-kashmir.html )〕 * Jamiat-e Islami, based in Afghanistan. Founded in 1972 by Burhanuddin Rabbani, it was also said to be inspired by Abul A'la Maududi and the Jamaat-e-Islami party.〔 Predominantly ethnically Tajik, the group was a major player in the "Peshawar Seven" during the jihad against Soviet military in the 1980s. * Hezbi Islami, also based in Afghanistan, broke away from Jamiat-e Islami in 1975-6.〔Haqqani, ''Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military'', 2010: p.173〕 Led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, its ethnic make-up was overwhelmingly Ghilzai Pashtun. It's less moderate stance won it the backing of Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan (and Saudi Arabia and Pakistan president Zia ul-Haq) during the jihad against the Soviet military.〔 * UK Islamic Mission was founded by members of the East London Mosque in 1962. Also "inspired by the Jamaat-e-Islami party in Pakistan" and the "Islamic revivalist teachings of Abul A'la Maududi and others." * Supporters of Jammat-e Islami also have groups in other states.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://aamaududifsl.blogspot.com/ )〕 According to ''The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism'', Jamaat-e-Islami branches have followed Pakistani immigration to South Africa and Mauritius as well as the UK. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jamaat-e-Islami」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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