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|demonym = Jamaican |capital = Kingston |latd=17 |latm=59 |latNS=N |longd=76 |longm=48 |longEW=W |largest_city = capital |government_type = constitutional monarchy |leader_title1 = Monarch |leader_name1 = Elizabeth II |leader_title2 = Governor-General |leader_name2 = Sir Patrick Allen |leader_title3 = Prime Minister |leader_name3 = Portia Simpson-Miller |legislature = Parliament |upper_house = Senate |lower_house = |sovereignty_type = Independence |sovereignty_note = from the United Kingdom |established_event1 = Declared |established_date1 = 6 August 1962 |area_rank = 166th |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area_km2 = 10,991 |area_sq_mi = 4,244 |percent_water = 1.5 |population_estimate = 2,950,210〔 |population_estimate_rank = 139th |population_estimate_year = July 2015 |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 252 |population_density_sq_mi = 656 |population_density_rank = 49th |GDP_PPP_year = 2012 |GDP_PPP = $25.317 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = 2012 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,199〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $15.569 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_year = 2012 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $5,657〔 |Gini_year = 2004 |Gini_change = |Gini = 45.5 |Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = decrease |HDI = 0.715 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 96th |currency = Jamaican dollar |currency_code = JMD |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = -5 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = left |calling_code = +1-876 |cctld = .jm }} Jamaica () is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea, comprising the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles. The island, in area, lies about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola, the island containing the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Jamaica is the fifth-largest island country in the Caribbean. Previously inhabited by the indigenous Arawak and Taíno peoples, the island came under Spanish rule following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1494. Named ', it remained a possession of Spain until 1655, when England (later Great Britain) conquered the island and renamed it Jamaica. Under British rule, Jamaica became a leading sugar exporter, with its plantation economy highly dependent on slaves imported from Africa, followed later by Chinese and Indian indentured labor. All slaves were fully emancipated in 1838, with independence from the United Kingdom achieved on 6 August 1962. With 2.8 million people, Jamaica is the third most populous Anglophone country in the Americas (after the United States and Canada), and the fourth most populous country in the Caribbean. Kingston is the country's capital and largest city, with a population of 937,700.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.geonames.org/JM/largest-cities-in-jamaica.html )〕 Jamaicans are of predominately African descent, with significant European, Chinese, Indian, and mixed-race minorities. Due to a high rate of emigration since the 1960s, Jamaica has a large diaspora around the world, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as its monarch and head of state. Her appointed representative in the country is the Governor-General of Jamaica, currently Sir Patrick Allen. The head of government and Prime Minister of Jamaica is Portia Simpson-Miller. Jamaica is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy with legislative power vested in the bicameral Parliament of Jamaica, consisting of an appointed Senate and a directly elected House of Representatives. ==Etymology== The indigenous people, the Taíno, called it ''Xaymaca'' in Arawakan,〔As represented in Old Spanish orthography, meaning it began with a "sh" sound.〕 meaning the "Land of Wood and Water" or the "Land of Springs". Colloquially Jamaicans refer to their home island as the "Rock", whereof further slang names like "Jamrock", "Jamdown" ("Jamdung" in Jamaican Patois), or briefly "Ja", have derived.〔as known from the songs "Roots, Rock, Reggae" by Bob Marley ("roots" referring to Africa, while "rock" means Jamaica), "Jahman inna Jamdown" by Peter Tosh, and "Welcome to Jamrock" by Damian Marley〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jamaica」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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