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Janapada
The Janapadas (Sanskrit: जनपद ) were the realms, republics and kingdoms of the Indian Vedic period late Bronze Age into the (Iron Age) from about 1200 BCE to the 6th century BCE coinciding with the rise of sixteen great Mahajanapadas most of the states were later annexed by more powerful neighbours whilst others remained independent.
==Overview==
The term ''janapada'' is a tatpurusha compound term, composed of ''janas'' "people" or "subject" (cf. Latin cognate ''genus'', English cognate ''kin'') and ''pada'' "foot" (cf. Latin cognate ''pedis''). From its earliest attestation, the word has had a double meaning of "realm, territory" and "subject population". A ''janapadin'' is the ruler of a ''janapada''. Janapada's were the earliest gathering places of men, merchants, artisans and craftsmen akin to marketplace or town surrounded by hamlets and villages.
Linguist George Dunkel compares the Greek ''andrapodon'' "slave", to PIE "fetters" (i.e. "what is attached to the feet"). Sanskrit ''padám'', usually taken to mean "footprint, trail", diverges in accent from the PIE reconstruction.
For the sense of "population of the land", ''padasya janas'', the inverted ''padajana'' would be expected. A primary meaning of "place of the people", ''janasya padam'', would not explain why the compound is of masculine gender. An original dvandva "land and people" is conceivable, but a dual inflection would be expected.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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