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Jarlshof ( )〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Moray - Pronunciation )〕 is the best known prehistoric archaeological site in Shetland, Scotland. It lies near the southern tip of the Shetland Mainland and has been described as "one of the most remarkable archaeological sites ever excavated in the British Isles".〔(" Jarlshof & Scatness" ) shetland-heritage.co.uk. Retrieved 2 August 2008.〕 It contains remains dating from 2500 BC up to the 17th century AD. The Bronze Age settlers left evidence of several small oval houses with thick stone walls and various artefacts including a decorated bone object. The Iron Age ruins include several different types of structure including a broch and a defensive wall around the site. The Pictish period provides various works of art including a painted pebble and a symbol stone. The Viking age ruins make up the largest such site visible anywhere in Britain and include a longhouse; excavations provided numerous tools and a detailed insight into life in Shetland at this time. The most visible structures on the site are the walls of the Scottish period fortified manor house, which inspired the name "Jarlshof" that first appears in an 1821 novel by Walter Scott. The site is in the care of Historic Scotland and is open from April to September.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Plan your visit to Jarlshof Prehistoric And Norse Settlement )〕 In 2010 "The Crucible of Iron Age Shetland" including Mousa, Old Scatness and Jarlshof was added to those seeking to be on the "tentative list" of World Heritage Sites.〔("From Chatham to Chester and Lincoln to the Lake District – 38 UK places put themselves forward for World Heritage status" ) United Kingdom Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Retrieved 7 July 2010.〕 ==Location and etymology== Jarlshof lies near the southern tip of the Shetland Mainland, close to the settlements of Sumburgh and Grutness and to the south end of Sumburgh Airport. The site overlooks an arm of the sea called the West Voe of Sumburgh and the nearby freshwater springs and building materials available on the beach will have added to the location's attraction as a settlement. The south Mainland also provides a favourable location for arable cultivation in a Shetland context and there is a high density of prehistoric settlement in the surrounding area.〔Dockrill, Stepehen J. "Brochs, economy and power" in Smith and Banks (2002) p. 156.〕 Jarlshof is only one mile from Scatness where the remains of another broch and other ruins of a similar longevity were discovered in 1975. There is a small visitor centre at Jarlshof with displays and a collection of artefacts.〔("HU395094" ) Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 2 August 2008.〕〔Armit (1996) p. 152.〕〔 The name ''Jarlshof'' meaning "Earl's Mansion" is a coinage of Walter Scott,〔("Jarlshof" ) Undiscovered Scotland. Retrieved 2 August 2008.〕〔("Jarlshof" ) Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 2 August 2008.〕 who visited the site in 1814 and based it on the Scottish period name of "the laird's house". It was more than a century later before excavations proved that there had actually been Viking Age settlement on the site,〔Ritchie, Anna (March 2003) ("Great sites: Jarlshof" ) ''British Archaeology'' 69. Retrieved 13 August 2008.〕〔Bruce, John (10 December 1905) ("Excavation of a Broch at Jarlshof, Sumburgh, Shetland". ) (pdf) ''Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.'' Retrieved 2 August 2008.〕 although there is no evidence that a Norse ''jarl'' ever lived there.〔Armit (2006) p. 176.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jarlshof」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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