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Jauja (Shawsha Wanka Quechua: Shawsha〔Rick Floyd (1992), "Una comparación entre el quechua Shawsha y el quechua Wanka." In: (Estudios etno-lingüísticos II ), Stephen G. Parker (ed.), pp. 102-135. Documento de Trabajo 23. Yarinacocha: Ministerio de Educación and Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.〕 or Shausha,〔John R. Wroughton (1996), (Gramática y textos del quechua Shausha Huanca ). Documento de Trabajo 30. Pucallpa: Ministerio de Educación and Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.〕 formerly in Spanish Xauxa, with pronunciation of "x" as "sh") is a city and capital of Jauja Province in Peru. It is situated in the fertile Mantaro Valley, to the northwest of Huancayo (the capital of Junín Region), at an altitude of . Its population according to the 2007 census was 16,424.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Peru )〕 Jauja, which flourished for a short time, was once the capital of Spanish Peru, prior to the founding of Lima as the new capital.〔 Its name is referenced in the popular Spanish expression ''país de Jauja'', which literally means "country of Jauja", but is used figuratively to mean a “never never land" or a "land of milk and honey”. The town, with a laid back ambiance and salubrious climate, has narrow streets with houses painted blue. Laguna de Paca lake is close to the city. ==History== An important Xauxa town was located in the vicinity before the Incas. During the Inca civilization, the town of "Hatun Xauxa" was established. Today the ruins of this settlement can be seen on a hill, approximately southeast of the town. Oral tradition mentions that the Inca ordered the mutilation of men's and women's hands in Jauja and that this occurred in the Pampa de Maquinhuayo, south of present day Jauja. After the Battle of Cajamarca, Francisco Pizarro sent his brother Hernando Pizarro to Pachacamac. Upon his return to Cajamarca, Hernando captured Chalcuchimac in the Jauja Valley, where he was camped with his army of 35,000. Advancing towards Cuzco, Pizarro's force stopped in Jauja, where Francisco had Chalcuchimac burned alive, after the death of Túpac Huallpa. "Xauxa was a considerable town...seated in the midst of a verdant valey, fertilized by a thousand little rills, which the thrifty Indian husbandmen drew from the parent river. There were several capacious buildings of rough stone...and a temple of some note."〔Prescott, W.H., 2011, The History of the Conquest of Peru, Digireads.com Publishing, ISBN 9781420941142〕 After the Spanish had sealed the conquest of Peru by taking Cusco in 1533, Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro established Jauja as Peru's provisional capital in April 1534. It was named "Santa Fe de Hatun Xauxa" in keeping with the Quechua name.〔 In the same year, Pizarro and his men discovered that Jauja was home to huge accumulations of Inca food, clothing and wealth. The Spaniards recognized that they could live comfortably for months. This was the origin of the legend of the Land of Cockaigne. When the decision was made in 1535 to move the capital to Lima to take advantage of proximity to the port (Callao), Lima began to overshadow Jauja's importance. During colonial times, Jauja became dependent upon Tarma. Later Huancayo, increased in importance and surpassed Jauja as a commercial centre. Between 1742 and 1756, Juan Santos Atahuala led an uprising in the mountains of Jauja, one of many revolts that would occur in Peru over the years. The first mayor of Jauja was Don Arias Villalobos.〔 Jauja's dry climate was recognized, however, as being beneficial for patients with respiratory tract tuberculosis. In this regard, the Jauja hospital cared for many Spaniards. The wealth that they brought to Jauja helped it regain in popularity and strengthened the legend of "the land of Cockaigne". With the establishment of the sanatorium "Sunday Olavegoya" Jauja patients came from many parts of the world, making Jauja a cosmopolitan city. This was described in the novel ''Páis de Jauja'', by Edgardo Rivera Martínez. Tombstones with names from all over the world can be seen in the Jauja cemetery, but after the development of antibiotics, the city began to lose its importance as a health mecca.〔 The small city, however, has retained much of its colonial-era charm. Over the years the people of Jauja have come to refer to their town and region as "el páis de Jauja"; this name was also used in Rivera's book on the area and its culture. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jauja」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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