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Jakarta ,〔Pronounced in Indonesian language: (:dʒaˈkarta).〕 officially known as the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ((インドネシア語:Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta)), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia, (though Jakarta is also a province) and one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. Located on the northwest coast of Java, Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre, and with a population of 9,761,407 as of December 2012, it is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia. The official metropolitan area, known as Jabodetabek (a name formed by combining the initial syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi), is the second largest in the world, yet the metropolis's suburbs still continue beyond it. Established in the fourth century, the city became an important trading port for the Kingdom of Sunda. It was the de facto capital of the Dutch East Indies (known as Batavia at that time). Today, the city has continued as the capital of Indonesia since the country's independence was declared in 1945. The city is currently the seat of the ASEAN Secretariat. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. Based on survey by Brooking Institute, in 2011 economic growth in Jakarta ranked 17th among the world's 200 largest cities, a jump from its 2007 ranking of 171. Jakarta has grown more rapidly than Kuala Lumpur, Beijing and Bangkok.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Foke lebih yakin lembaga survei asing )〕 ==Names and etymology== Jakarta has been home to multiple settlements along with their respective names: Sunda Kelapa (397–1527), Jayakarta (1527–1619), Batavia (1619–1949), Djakarta (1949–1972), and Jakarta (1972-present) Its current name derives from the word "Jayakarta". The origins of this word can be traced to the Old Javanese and ultimately to the Sanskrit language. "Jayakarta" translates as "victorious deed", "complete act", or "complete victory". Jakarta is nicknamed ''the Big Durian'', the thorny strongly-odored fruit native to the region,〔 as the city is seen as the Indonesian equivalent of New York City (the Big Apple).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sojourn in the Big Durian )〕 In the colonial era, the city was also known as ''Koningin van het Oosten'' (Queen of the Orient), initially in the 17th century for the urban beauty of downtown Batavia's canals, mansions and ordered city layout.〔 Kampen, N.F. van (1831). ''Geschiedenis der Nederlanders buiten Europa'', p. 291. Haarlem: De Erven François Bohn.〕 After expanding to the south in the 19th century, this nickname came to be more associated with the suburbs (e.g. Menteng and the area around Merdeka Square), with their wide lanes, many green spaces and villas.〔 "Batavia zoals het weent en lacht", (17 October 1939), ''Het Nieuws van den Dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië'', p. 6〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jakarta」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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