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Jaywalking occurs when a pedestrian crosses a roadway where regulations do not permit doing so. Examples include a pedestrian crossing between intersections without yielding to drivers and starting to cross a crosswalk at a signalized intersection without waiting for a permissive indication to be displayed. In the United States, state statutes generally reflect the Uniform Vehicle Code in requiring drivers to yield the right of way to pedestrians at crosswalks; at other locations, crossing pedestrians are either required to yield to drivers or, under some conditions, are prohibited from crossing. The term's dissemination in the 1920s and 1930s was due in part to the introduction of the automobile. The United Kingdom does not formally describe priority regulations for drivers and pedestrians at road junctions or other locations, except with respect to marked zebra crossings where motorists are required to give way to pedestrians under defined conditions.〔(The Zebra, Pelican and Puffin Pedestrian Crossings Regulations and General Directions 1997 ).〕 Elsewhere, the Highway Code relies on the pedestrian making their own judgment on whether it is safe to cross based on the Green Cross Code. If the pedestrian's judgment was correct then no evasive reaction should be required by any drivers, but drivers are expected to avoid hazards and are examined on their ability to do so during the Hazard Perception Test. ==Origin of the term== The earliest citation in the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' is from 1917. The term's dissemination was due, in part, to a deliberate effort by promoters of automobiles, such as local auto clubs and dealers, to redefine streets as places where pedestrians do not belong.〔Peter D. Norton, "(Street Rivals: Jaywalking and the Invention of the Motor Age Street )," ''Technology and Culture'' 48 (April 2007), 331-359 (342).〕〔http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-26073797〕 The word jaywalk is a compound word derived from the word jay, an inexperienced person, and walk.〔''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language''. Fourth Edition, 2000.〕 No historical evidence supports an alternative folk etymology by which the word is traced to the letter "J" (characterizing the route a jaywalker might follow). In towns in the American Midwest in the early 20th century, "jay" was a synonym for "rube", a pejorative term for a rural resident, assumed by many urbanites to be stupid, slightly unintelligent, or perhaps simply naïve. Such a person did not know to keep out of the way of other pedestrians and speeding automobiles.〔(A history of "jaywalking." ) February 1, 2009, citing Peter D. Norton, ''Fighting Traffic'' MIT, 2008, pp. 72-79.〕 Originally, the legal rule was that "all persons have an equal right in the highway, and that in exercising the right each shall take due care not to injure other users of the way."〔Miller McClintock for the Chicago Association of Commerce, "Report and Recommendations of the Metropolitan Street Traffic Survey", p. 133, quoted by Norton, ''Fighting Traffic'', on p. 289.〕 In time, however, streets became the province of motorized traffic, both practically and legally. Automobile interests in the USA took up the cause of labeling and scorning jaywalkers in the 1910s and early 1920s; a counter-campaign to name (and disapprove of) "jay drivers" failed.〔Norton, ''Fighting Traffic'', pp. 79-79.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jaywalking」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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