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Jealousy is an emotion, and the word typically refers to the thoughts and feelings of insecurity, fear, concern, and anxiety over an anticipated loss or status of something of great personal value, particularly in reference to a human connection. Jealousy often consists of a combination of emotions such as anger, resentment, inadequacy, helplessness and disgust. In its original meaning, ''jealousy'' is distinct from ''envy'', though the two terms have popularly become synonymous in the English language, with ''jealousy'' now also taking on the definition originally used for envy alone. Jealousy is a typical experience in human relationships. It has been observed in infants five months and older.〔Draghi-Lorenz, R. (2000). Five-month-old infants can be jealous: Against cognitivist solipsism. Paper presented in a symposium convened for the XIIth Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies (ICIS), 16–19 July, Brighton, UK.〕 Some claim that jealousy is seen in every culture;〔Buss, D.M. (2000). ''The Dangerous Passion: Why Jealousy is as Necessary as Love and Sex''. New York: Free Press.〕〔White, G.L., & Mullen, P.E. (1989). ''Jealousy: Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice''. New York, NY: Guilford Press.〕 however, others claim jealousy is a culture-specific phenomenon.〔Peter Salovey. (The Psychology of Jealousy and Envy ). 1991. ISBN 978-0-89862-555-4〕 Jealousy is often reinforced as a series of particularly strong emotions and constructed as a universal human experience; it has been a theme of many artistic works. Psychologists have proposed several models of the processes underlying jealousy and have identified factors that result in jealousy. Sociologists have demonstrated that cultural beliefs and values play an important role in determining what triggers jealousy and what constitutes socially acceptable expressions of jealousy. Biologists have identified factors that may unconsciously influence the expression of jealousy. Artists have explored the theme of jealousy in photographs, paintings, movies, songs, plays, poems, and books. Theologians have offered religious views of jealousy based on the scriptures of their respective faiths. == Romantic jealousy == Romantic jealousy can be expressed in five antecedent factors: #Sociobiological factors #Cultural and historical factors #Personality factors #Relational factors #Situational factors and strategic factors. Sociobiological factors deal with reproductive strategies. For males they can only ensure paternity by restricting the access or involvement of other males. Females are more inclined to find resources in a male to be more important than actual reproductive opportunities. Males used the following tactics more than females: a. resource display b. mate concealment c. submission and debasement d. inter sexual threats and violence. For cultural and historical factors males and females have similar states of emotions of jealousy as sociobiological factors. Personality factors include a third-party threat that stores jealousy in both males and females. Personality factors also vary based on love styles. Relational factors as well as emotional factors have been found to vary on comparison levels of commitment to the relationship as well as investment and the level of alternatives in the relationship. Situational factors include critical events that may induce jealousy in both males and females. Situational factors are very common and can be easily stimulated. Last is strategic factors which includes were "individuals are rarely aware of the sociobiological or cultural factors that promote a particular communication behavior." Laura K Guerrero and Peter A. Anderson. Jealousy experience and Expression in Romantic Relationships. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jealousy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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