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According to the Hebrew Bible, the Jebusites (; ISO 259-3 ''Ybusi'') were a Canaanite tribe who built and inhabited Jerusalem prior to its conquest by King David. The Books of Kings state that Jerusalem was known as Jebus prior to this event. According to some biblical chronologies, the city was conquered by King David in 1003 BCE, or according to other sources 869 BCE. ==Identification of Jebus== The identification of Jebus with Jerusalem has been disputed, principally by Niels Peter Lemche. Supporting his case, every non-biblical mention of Jerusalem found in the ancient Near East refers to the city as 'Jerusalem'. An example of these records are the Amarna letters which are dated to the 14th century BCE, several of which were written by the chieftain of Jerusalem Abdi-Heba and call Jerusalem either () or () (1330s BCE).〔''Urusalim'' e.g. in EA 289:014, ''Urušalim'' e.g. in EA 287:025. Transcription online at (【引用サイトリンク】title=''The El Amarna Letters from Canaan'' ); translation by (Knudtzon 1915 ) (English in Percy Stuart Peache Handcock, ''( Selections from the Tell El-Amarna letters )'' (1920).〕 Also in the Amarna letters, it is called Beth-Shalem, the house of Shalem.〔See, e,g,, Holman Bible Dictionary, op. cit. supra.〕 The Sumero-Akkadian name for Jerusalem, ''uru-salim'',〔See Victor P. Hamilton, (''The Book of Genesis, Chapters 1-17'' ), p. 410 (1990). Hamilton also asserts that Sumerian ''uru'' is ''yerû'', meaning "city."〕 is variously etymologised to mean "foundation of (by ) the god Shalim": from Hebrew/Semitic ''yry,'' ‘to found, to lay a cornerstone’, and Shalim, the Canaanite god of the setting sun and the nether world, as well as of health and perfection.〔Meir Ben-Dov, ''Historical Atlas of Jerusalem,'' Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002, p. 23.〕〔See the ''Anchor Bible Dictionary ''for an extensive discussion with citations. http://www.biblicalwritings.com/shalem-deity-the-anchor-bible-dictionary/〕〔See ''Holman Bible Dictionary'', http://www.studylight.org/dic/hbd/print.cgi?n=3384 ; National Geographic, http://education.nationalgeographic.com/media/file/Jerusalem_ED_Sheets.FasFacts.pdf ("As for the meaning of the name, it can be assumed to be a compound of the West Semitic elements “yrw” and “s()lm,” probably to be interpreted as “Foundation of (the god) Shalem.” Shalem is known from an Ugaritic mythological text as the god of twilight.").〕 Lemche states:
Theophilus G. Pinches has noted a reference to "Yabusu", which he interpreted as an old form of Jebus, on a contract tablet that dates from 2200 B.C.E.〔(Pinches ), Theophilus G., ''The Old Testament: In the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia'' (London: SPCK, 1908), p. 324.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jebusite」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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