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Jeepney
Jeepneys are the most popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. They are known for their crowded seating and kitsch decorations, which have become a ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture and art.〔Stuart, Godofredo Umali. ("Jeepney" ). Stuart Xchange. Retrieved on 2013-04-07.〕 A Sarao jeepney was exhibited at the Philippine pavilion at the 1964 New York World's Fair as a national image for the Filipinos.〔〔
Jeepneys were originally made from U.S. military jeeps left over from World War II. The word ''jeepney'' is a portmanteau word – some sources consider it a combination of "jeep" and "jitney", while other sources say "jeep" and "knee", because the passengers sit in very close proximity to each other.〔 While most jeepneys are used as public utility vehicles, those used as personal vehicles have their rear doors attached with "For family use" or "Private" sign painted on them to alert commuters. Exceptions to this are jeepneys traversing expressways, where rear doors are mandatory, and at times, mechanically rigged to be controlled from the driver side. Jeepneys are used less often for commercial or institutional use.
== History ==
When American troops began to leave the Philippines at the end of World War II, hundreds of surplus Jeeps were sold or given to the Filipinos. The Jeeps were stripped down and altered locally: metal roofs were added for shade; and the vehicles decorated in vibrant colours with chrome-plated ornaments on the sides and bonnet. The back saloon was reconfigured with two long parallel benches with passengers facing each other to accommodate more passengers. The size, length and passenger capacity has increased as it evolved through the years.〔 These were classified as ''passenger-type'' Jeeps. The non-extended, original-seat configuration jeeps were labeled ''owners'', short for ''owner-type'' jeeps, and are used non-commercially. The original Jeepneys were refurbished military Jeeps by Willys and Ford. Modern Jeepneys are now produced with surplus engines and parts coming from Japan.
The Jeepney rapidly emerged as a popular and creative way to re-establish inexpensive public transportation, which had been virtually destroyed during World War II. Recognizing the widespread use of these vehicles, the Philippine government began to regulate their use. Drivers now must have specialized licenses, regular routes, and reasonably fixed fares. However, there are a number of illegal (unfranchised) operators. These are officially referred to as ''"colorum"'' operations, from the colour of the vehicle plate, which denotes a private rather than public registration.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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