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Jämtland () (Latin: ''Iemptia'') or Jamtland () is a historical province (''landskap'') in the center of Sweden in northern Europe. It borders to Härjedalen and Medelpad in the south, Ångermanland in the east, Lapland in the north and Trøndelag and Norway in the west. Jämtland covers an area of 34,009 square kilometres, 8.3% of Sweden's total area and is the second largest province in Sweden. It has a population of 112,717,〔 the majority of whom live in ''Storsjöbygden'', the area surrounding lake Storsjön. Östersund is Jämtland's only city and is the 24th most populous city in Sweden. Jämtland was originally an autonomous peasant republic,〔Ekerwald, Carl-Göran (2004). ''Jämtarnas historia'' (in Swedish), 124. "Svaret är att Jämtland före 1178 var ett självständigt bondesamfund, "dei vart verande ein nasjon för seg sjöl", för att nu citera Halfdan Koht.. Jämtland var en bonderepublik.."〕 its own nation〔 with its own law, currency〔(Jämtland - Turism ), bracke.se〕 and parliament. However, Jämtland lacked a public administration and was thus best regarded as an anarchy,〔Oscarsson, Bo (1986). "1000 år av frihet", in Margareta Persson: ''Dä glöm fell int jamska'' (in Swedish). Offerdal: Margareta Persson, 24.〕 in its true meaning. Jämtland was conquered by Norway in 1178 and stayed Norwegian for over 450 years until it was ceded to Sweden in 1645. The province has since been Swedish for roughly 370 years, though the population did not gain Swedish citizenship until 1699. The province's identity is manifested with the concept of a republic within the kingdom of Sweden, although this is only done semi-seriously.〔(Historien om Republiken Jämtland ), lamgo.se〕 Carl XVI Gustaf became the ''Duke of Jämtland'' after his christening, a nominal title he still retains.〔(Carl XVI Gustav - Uppslagsverk - NE ), ne.se〕 Historically, socially and politically Jämtland has been a special territory between Norway and Sweden. This in itself is symbolized in the province's coat of arms where Jämtland, the silver moose, is threatened from the east and from the west. During the unrest period in Jämtland's history (1563–1677) it shifted alignment between the two states no less than 13 times.〔(Jamtamot i Uppsala ), jamtamot.org〕 ==Etymology== (詳細はrunestone, the Frösö Runestone from the 11th century, where it is found as ''eotalont'' (normalized Old Norse: ''Jamtaland''). The root of Jamt (Old West Norse: ''jamti''), and thus Jämtland, derives from the Proto-Germanic word stem ''emat-'' meaning persistent, efficient, enduring and hardworking.〔 The Proto-Norse prefix ''eota'' (''jamta'') is a genitive plural case. It is not known how the Jamts got their name. One possible explanation is presented in the Icelandic work ''Heimskringla'' from the 13th century. In the Saga of Håkon Góði, Snorri Sturluson narrates about Kettil Jamti, a son of Anund Jarl from Sparbu in Trøndelag who fled from Norway when Harald Fairhair united the country with brute force in the 9th century. His descendants then came to bear his name. An alternative explanation comes from the excessive iron production that took place in the province before the Viking age. A folk etymological theory is that the name ought to have something to do with the "even" (as in level or flat) parts around the lake Storsjön. This theory is based on the similarity between the Swedish words ''jämt'' (from ''emat-'') and ''jämnt'' (from Germanic '' *ebna'', "even").〔 The name Jämtland with an ä is a 20th-century Swedish alteration of the older spelling Jemtland (both (:ˈjɛmtˌlanː) or (:ˈjɛmtˌland), depending on the speaker). Localities settled by Jamtish emigrants such as Jemtland in Ringsaker, Norway and Jemtland in Maine, United States were founded before the alteration occurred. In the nearby Norwegian province of Trøndelag old settlements such as Jamtøya, Jamtgarden and Jamtåsen all use the prefix ''Jamt-'', just like the regional name, however the Trøndersk name for Jämtland is ''Jamtlainn'', whilst the Jamtish name is ''Jamtland''. As the d is silent the form ''Jamtlann'' is also common. The most genuine Jamtish pronuncuation of the name is however the now uncommon form ''Jamplann'' , deriving from older names such as ''Jamptaland'', found in ancient documents. The regional name ''Jamtland'' has only status as an official form in Nynorsk〔 and Icelandic,〔Oscarsson, Bo (1986). "1000 år av frihet", in Margareta Persson: ''Dä glöm fell int jamska'' (in Swedish). Offerdal: Margareta Persson, 20.〕 but is popularly used among locals which is one of the reasons as to why the regional museum was given the dialectal name Jamtli (Swedish ''jämtsk backsluttning''), "Jamtish hillside". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jämtland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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