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Jish
Jish ((アラビア語:الجش); (ヘブライ語:גִ'שׁ, גּוּשׁ חָלָב),〔Palmer, 1881, p. (76 )〕〔Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. (225 )〕 ''Gush Halav'') is a town in Upper Galilee, located on the northeastern slopes of Mount Meron, north of Safed, in Israel's North District. Its population is predominantly Maronite Catholic and Melkite Greek Catholic Christians (55% and 10% accordingly), with a Sunni Muslim Arab minority (about 35%).〔YNET () ''On the slopes of a hill, at an elevation of 860 meters surrounded by cherry orchards, pears and apples, built houses, especially church building looks from afar. Number of inhabitants 3,000 divided by 55% Maronite Christian, 10% Greek Catholics and the rest are Muslims.''〕
Archaeological finds in Jish include two historical synagogues, a unique mausoleum and burial caves from classic era.〔 According to Roman historian Josephus, Gischala was the last city in the Galilee to fall to the Romans during the First Jewish–Roman War.〔 Historical sources dating from the 10th-15th centuries describe Jish (''Gush Halav'') as a village with a strong Jewish presence.〔 In the early Ottoman era Jish was wholly Muslim.〔 In the 17th century, the village was inhabited by Druze.〔 In 1945, under the British rule, Jish had a population of 1,090 with an area of 12,602 dunams. It was largely depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, but was resettled by Maronite Christians, who were expelled from the razed villages Kafr Bir'im.〔Morris, 2004, p. ( 508 )〕 In 2010, the population of Jish was 3,000.〔 The village is a center for the Aramaic revival, an initiative by local Maronites, now officially funded by the Israeli Ministry of Education until 8th grade in the local school.
==Etymology==
The Arabic name ''el-Jish'' is a variation of the site's ancient name ''Gush Halav'' in Hebrew. During the classic era the town was known as ''Gischala'' - a Greek transcription of the Hebrew name ''Gush Halav'', lit. "abundance of milk", which may be a reference to the production of milk and cheese, for which the village had been famous since the early Middle Ages,〔 or to the fertile surroundings.〔 Other scholars believe the name ''Gush Halav'' refers to the light color of the local limestone, which contrasted with the dark reddish rock of the neighboring village, Ras al-Ahmar.〔''Encyclopedia Judaica,'' Jerusalem, 1978, "Giscala," vol. 7, 590〕
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