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Johannes Liechtenauer (also ''Lichtnauer'', ''Hans Lichtenawer'') was a 14th-century German fencing master. His influence on the German fencing tradition of the 15th and 16th centuries cannot be overstated. The masters on Paulus Kal's roll of the "Society of Liechtenauer" were responsible for many of the most significant German language fencing treatises of the 15th century, and his teachings were the focus of the dominant fencing guilds in the 16th and 17th centuries (the ''Marxbrüder'' and the ''Veiterfechter''). == Biography == Liechtenauer seems to have been active during the mid-to-late 14th century.〔It has been speculated that he may still have been alive at the time of the compilation ms. 3227a, but this is based merely on the absence of a formula marking him as deceased. Tobler, Christian Henry. ''In Saint George's Name: An Anthology of Medieval German Fighting Arts''. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010, p. 6〕 The only extant biographical note on Liechtenauer is found in GNM Hs. 3227a (dated c. 1400〔"the GMN 3227a () text passages and recipes (the kind ) that became common 10-20 years later than 1389. Looking at the content in comparison to other manuscripts a dating to 1410-1420 is more likely but this pure speculative." Jens P. Kleinau, (1418 Modus Dimicandi Magistri H. Beringois of the Ms. G.B.f.18.a ) (2013)〕), the oldest text in the tradition, which states that "Master Liechtenauer learnt and mastered (art of the sword ) in a thorough and rightful way, but he did not invent it or make it up himself, as it is stated before. Instead, he travelled across and visited many lands for the sake of this rightful and true art, as he wanted to study and know it."〔fol. 13v. ''und dy (des swertes ) hat meister lichtnawer gancz vertik und gerecht gehabt und gekunst / Nicht das her sy selber haben funden und irdocht als vor ist geschreben / Sonder her hat manche lant durchfaren und gesucht / durch der selben rechtvertigen und worhaftige kunstn wille / das her dy io ervaren und wissen wolde /'' Żabiński, Grzegorz. "Unarmored Longsword Combat by Master Liechtenauer via Priest Döbringer." in Jeffrey Hull (ed.) ''Masters of Medieval and Renaissance Martial Arts'', Paladin Press, 2008.〕 His surname indicates he was from a place called ''Liechtenau'' (modern ''Lichtenau''). There are several places with this name. Massmann (1844) mentions five candidate locations: Lichtenau im Mühlkreis in Upper Austria; Lichtenau in Franconia, Nuremberg; Lichtenau on the Rhine, Baden, near Strasbourg; Lichtenau in Hesse; and Lichtenau in Westphalia, near Paderborn. Of these he treats as the most likely Franconian Lichtenau, because Nuremberg was a center of later (Renaissance-era) fencing, and Lichtenau in Upper Austria, because of the geographical provenance suggested by the members of the ''Society of Liechtenauer''.〔Hans Ferdinand Massmann, "über handschriftliche Fechtbücher", Serapeum: Zeitschrift für Bibliothekwissenschaft, Handschriftenkunde, und ältere Litteratur, ed. Robert Naumann, 1844, p. 52 and p. 54 note 2.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Johannes Liechtenauer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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