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John Michael Frankenheimer (February 19, 1930 – July 6, 2002) was an American film and television director known for social dramas and action/suspense films. Among his credits were ''Birdman of Alcatraz'' (1962), ''The Manchurian Candidate'' (1962), ''Seven Days in May'' (1964), ''The Train'' (1964), ''Seconds'' (1966), ''Grand Prix'' (1966), ''French Connection II'' (1975), ''Black Sunday'' (1977), and ''Ronin'' (1998). Frankenheimer won four consecutive Emmy Awards in the 1990s for the television movies ''Against the Wall'', ''The Burning Season'', ''Andersonville'', and ''George Wallace'', which also received a Golden Globe award. He was considered one of the last remaining directors who insisted on having complete control over all elements of production, making his style unique in Hollywood. Frankenheimer's 30 feature films and over 50 plays for television were notable for their influence on contemporary thought. He became a pioneer of the "modern-day political thriller," having begun his career at the peak of the Cold War.〔Yoram Allon, Yoram; Cullen, Hannah Patterson. ''Contemporary North American Film Directors'', Wallflower Press (2000) pp. 181-183〕 Technically highly accomplished from his days in live television, many of his films were noted for creating "psychological dilemmas" for his male protagonists along with having a strong "sense of environment,"〔 similar in style to films by director Sidney Lumet, for whom he had earlier worked as assistant director. He developed a "tremendous propensity for exploring political situations" which would ensnare his characters.〔 Movie critic Leonard Maltin writes that "in his time ()... Frankenheimer worked with the top writers, producers and actors in a series of films that dealt with issues that were just on top of the moment—things that were facing us all."〔 ==Early life== Frankenheimer was born in Queens, New York, the son of Helen Mary (née Sheedy) and Walter Martin Frankenheimer, a stockbroker. Frankenheimer once speculated that he might be related to actress Ally Sheedy. His father was of German Jewish descent and his mother was Irish Catholic, and Frankenheimer was raised Catholic.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Issues raised by the career of US filmmaker John Frankenheimer )〕 Frankenheimer grew up in New York City and became interested in movies at an early age; he recalled going to the cinema every weekend. In 1947, he graduated from La Salle Military Academy in Oakdale, Long Island, New York. In 1951, he graduated from Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, where he studied English. He also developed an interest in acting as a career while in college but began thinking seriously about directing when he was in the Air Force. This led him to join a film squadron based in Burbank, California, where he shot his first documentary. He also began studying film theory by reading books about other famous directors, such as Sergei Eisenstein along with how-to books about the craft of film making.〔 In May 2001, amid rumors that he was the biological father of film director Michael Bay, Frankenheimer stated he had a brief relationship with Bay's birth mother. After the rumors surfaced that Bay's natural father was a filmmaker, there was much speculation about Frankenheimer, who continued to deny the story and told the ''Los Angeles Times'' that there had once been "tests" to determine paternity (long before DNA testing). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Frankenheimer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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