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Johnstone (,〔(List of railway station names in English, Scots and Gaelic – NewsNetScotland )〕 (スコットランド・ゲール語:Baile Iain))〔(Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba ~ Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland )〕 is a town in the council area of Renfrewshire and larger historic county of the same name in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. The town lies west of neighbouring Paisley and west of the centre of the city of Glasgow.〔((Our History and Heritage) Homepage )〕 Part of the biggest conurbation in Scotland, Johnstone is at the western edge of the Greater Glasgow Urban Area. The town was a planned community created in the latter half of the 18th century by the local Laird, George Ludovic Houston who held an estate in the town, the remains of which are known as Johnstone Castle. Industrial development brought coal mining, thread-making and cotton weaving to Johnstone causing it to grow considerably in size, expanding out in the 1930s with a number of newly built residential areas which addressed the problem of population density in the historic area of the town. Today it supports a small commercial centre and serves as a commuter settlement for Paisley and Glasgow. == History == Johnstone was largely a planned community which grew up around the house of Easter Cochrane, later known as Johnstone Castle, seat of the Houston or Houstoun family who gained their name from the nearby village of Houston. In 1782, the Laird, George Houstoun, commissioned designs for a series of regular residential streets which now form the town centre. At this early stage of development, the town’s population including the local estate and rural hinterland was around 1,500.〔 Two mirroring civic squares were also constructed in the town: Houstoun Square and Ludovic Square,〔(Visiting Renfrewshire )〕 and by 1794 the town had gained its current parish church.〔(University of Edinburgh )〕 Johnstone was raised to the status of a police burgh with significant local powers, a status which is now defunct.〔 Industrial development brought both prosperity and poverty to the community. Coal mining occurred in Johnstone, although its main industry was related to the thread and cotton industries, with mills powered by the Black Cart Water which runs to the north of Johnstone.〔 As the community expanded, slum conditions formed in part of the town: the population by 1831 had increased to a sizeable 5,600.〔 This was addressed in the 1930s by a significant expansion of the size of Johnstone to include a number of purpose-built residential estates. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Johnstone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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