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In Go, are studied sequences of moves in the corner areas of the Go board, for which the result is considered ''balanced'' for both black and white sides. Because games typically start with plays in the corners, players often try to use their understanding of joseki to gain local advantages in the corners — advantages which can result in a better overall position. Though less common, there are also ''joseki'' for the middle game. In Japanese, 定 (''jō'') means "fixed" or "set" and 石 (''seki'') means stones, giving the literal meaning "set stones", as in "set pattern". In Chinese, the term for joseki is 定式, dìngshì. The concept of "balance", here, often refers to an equitable trade-off between securing ''territory'' in the corner versus making good ''thickness'' toward the sides and the center. In application, these concepts are very dynamic, and, often, deviations from ''joseki'' depend upon the needs of the situation and the available opportunities. While learning ''joseki'' is a tool to defend against a local loss, players always seek to take advantage of weaknesses in the opponent's shapes, often deviating from the ''joseki''. == Using joseki == ''Joseki'' are not fixed but comprise patterns that have gained acceptance in professional games; they constitute a consensus that may change with certain caveats. Hence, the basic definition may be misleading for new players in that joseki can be misconstrued as foolproof and unalterable and as optimal for all situations. Many joseki are in fact useful only for study within an artificially confined corner,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://senseis.xmp.net/?EvenGameJoseki )〕 and in real play are only considered good form when used in proper combination with other plays on the board (i.e. other joseki and fuseki moves). Knowing a particular ''joseki'' simply means that one knows a sequence of moves, resulting in a balance or fair trade-off between black and white positions. This is in practice much easier than appraising how ''joseki'' relate to the rest of the board—hence, ''knowledge of joseki'' is regarded as shallow, when compared with the ability to integrate a strategy into a complex game landscape. One go proverb states that "learning ''joseki'' loses two stones in strength," which means that the rote learning of sequences is not advantageous; rather, learning ''from'' ''joseki'' should be a player's goal. Hence, the study of joseki is regarded as a double-edged sword and useful only if learned by understanding the principles behind each move, instead of by rote. Every ''joseki'' should be used as a specific tool that leaves the board in a particular shape. Just as using an improper tool in machinery can be devastating, choosing the wrong ''joseki'' can easily be worse than improvising one's own moves. In his book ''A Way of Play for the 21st Century'', Go Seigen compared choosing the proper joseki to choosing the proper medicine: ''Pick the right one, and you feel better. Pick the wrong one, and you die.''(par.) Rui Naiwei similarly remarked that ''playing joseki is easy () choosing the right one (a game ) is hard.''(par.) A ''joseki'' may fall out of use for various reasons, some of which may often seem minor to the amateur player; professionals may consider one variation suboptimal for a very specific reason — one which strong amateurs are not likely to exploit. There is no definitive guide to what is ''joseki''; the situation with ''joseki'' dictionaries is similar to that of natural language dictionaries: some entries are obsolete, and the list is likely to be incomplete. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseki」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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