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Joseph Leidy (September 9, 1823 – April 30, 1891) was an American paleontologist. Leidy was professor of anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania, and later was a professor of natural history at Swarthmore College. His book ''Extinct Fauna of Dakota and Nebraska'' (1869) contained many species not previously described and many previously unknown on the North American continent. At the time, scientific investigation was largely the province of wealthy amateurs. ==Paleontology== Leidy named the holotype specimen of ''Hadrosaurus foulkii'', which was recovered from the marl pits of Haddonfield, New Jersey. It was notable for being the first nearly-complete fossilized skeleton of a dinosaur ever recovered. The specimen was originally discovered by William Parker Foulke. Leidy concluded, contrary to the view prevailing at the time, that this dinosaur could adopt a bipedal posture. He also described the holotype specimens of ''Arctodus'' (''A. simus''), the dire wolf (''Canis dirus''), and the American lion (''Panthera leo atrox''), among many others.〔http://www.ansp.org/museum/leidy/paleo/fossil_species.php〕 The noted American fossil collector and paleontologist E. D. Cope was a student of Leidy's, but the enmity and ruthless competition that developed between him and rival paleontologist O. C. Marsh eventually drove Leidy out of western American vertebrate paleontology, a field that Leidy had helped to found. Marsh claimed Leidy contributed to the falling out of the two by showing Cope in the presence of Marsh that Cope had mistakenly placed the head of a fossil ''Elasmosaurus'' on the tail, rather than on the neck, and then publishing a correction. Leidy was an early American supporter of Darwin's theory of evolution, and lobbied successfully for Darwin's election to membership in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.〔 (【引用サイトリンク】 work = Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences web site )〕 In 1852 Leidy referred ''Bison antiquus'', the North American fossil bison, to the genus Bison,the first to do so. The ''bison antiquus'', sometimes called the "ancient bison", was the most common large herbivore of the North American continent for over ten thousand years, and is a direct ancestor of the living American bison. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseph Leidy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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