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In French, ''jouissance'' means enjoyment, in terms both of rights and property,〔Jacques Lacan, ''The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis'' (1994) p. 281〕 and of sexual orgasm — the latter has a meaning partially lacking in the English word "enjoyment". Poststructuralism has developed the latter sense of ''jouissance'' in complex ways, so as to denote a transgressive, excessive kind of pleasure linked to the division and splitting of the subject involved.〔J. Childers/G. Hentzi eds., ''The Columbia Dictionary of Modern Literary and Cultural Criticism'' (1995) p. 162-3〕 == In Lacanian psychoanalysis == English editions of the works of Jacques Lacan have generally left ''jouissance'' untranslated, to help convey its specialised usage.〔Dylan Evans, ''An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis''〕 Lacan first developed his concept of an opposition between ''jouissance'' and the pleasure principle in his Seminar "The Ethics of Psychoanalysis" (1959–1960). Lacan considered that "there is a ''jouissance'' beyond the pleasure principle"〔Lacan, p. 184〕 linked to the partial drive; a ''jouissance'' which compels the subject to constantly attempt to transgress the prohibitions imposed on his enjoyment, to go beyond the pleasure principle. Yet the result of transgressing the pleasure principle, according to Lacan, is not more pleasure but pain, since there is only a certain amount of pleasure that the subject can bear. Beyond this limit, pleasure becomes pain, and this "painful principle" is what Lacan calls ''jouissance''.〔Dylan Evans, ''An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis'' (2002) p.93〕 Thus ''jouissance'' is suffering (''ethics'') — something which may be linked to the influence of the erotic philosophy of Bataille, epitomised in Lacan's remark about "the recoil imposed on everyone, in so far as it involves terrible promises, by the approach of ''jouissance'' as such".〔Lacan, p. xvi and p. 234〕 Lacan also linked ''jouissance'' to the castration complex,〔Jacques Lacan, ''Écrits: A Selection'' (1997) p. 319-24〕 and to the aggression of the death drive.〔Jacques Lacan, ''The Ethics of Psychoanalysis'' (1992) p. 194〕 In his seminar "The Other Side of Psychoanalysis" (1969–1970) Lacan introduced the concept of "surplus-''jouissance''" (French ''plus-de-jouir'') inspired by Marx's concept of surplus-value: he considered ''objet petit a'' is the excess of ''jouissance'' which has no use value, and which persists for the mere sake of ''jouissance''. Lacan considered that ''jouissance'' is essentially phallic, meaning that it does not relate to the "Other" as such. In his seminar "Encore" (1972–1973), however, Lacan introduced the idea of specifically feminine ''jouissance'', saying that women have "in relation to what the phallic function designates of ''jouissance'', a supplementary ''jouissance''...a ''jouissance'' of the body which is...''beyond the phallus''".〔Quoted in J. Mitchell/J. Rose eds., ''Feminine Sexuality'' (1982) p. 145.〕 This feminine ''jouissance'' is ineffable, for both women and men may experience it but know nothing about it. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jouissance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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