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Jovinian ((ラテン語:Jovinianus); died c. 405), was an opponent of Christian asceticism in the 4th century and was condemned as a heretic at synods convened in Rome under Pope Siricius and in Milan by St Ambrose in 393.〔''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'' by F. L. Cross (Editor), E. A. Livingstone (Editor) Oxford University Press, USA; 3 edition p.904 (March 13, 1997) 〕 Our information about him is derived principally from the work of St. Jerome in two books, ''Adversus Jovinianum''.〔(CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Jovianus )〕 Jerome referred to him as the "Epicurus of Christianity". 〔 He was a native of Corduene.〔H. Schlagintweit, H. K. Forstner, ''Lehrgang Kunstgeschichte: Von der Antike bis zur Moderne zum Selbststudium der Kunststile'', 186 pp., Schwabe Verlag Basel, 1991, ISBN 3-7965-0885-5, pp.371-372〕 John Henry Newman called Aerius of Sebaste, Jovinian and Vigilantius the forerunners of Protestantism, likening them to the "Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli of the fourth century". ==Life== Jovinian was a monk at one time in his life, but subsequently turned against monastic asceticism--though without giving up his status as monk.〔 Jovinian was apparently broadly read and adduced examples from secular literature, which did not sit well at the synods. He became the leader of a group of disciples: Auxentius, Genialis, Germinator, Felix, Prontinus, Martianus, Januarius and Ingeniosus are identified in the act of 390 condemning him.〔 His writings praising the excellence of marriage, which he published from Rome, were condemned at a synod held in Rome under Pope Siricius and subsequently at the Milan synod.〔 Jovinian, in the polemical view of his chief opponent, Jerome, has some of the style of an "Epicurus of Christianity." The following is a passage attributed to Jovinian by Jerome in his "Against Jovinian:"
Nothing is known of the later career of Jovinian.〔 From a remark in St. Jerome's work ''Against Vigilantius'', written in 409, that he "amidst pheasants and pork rather belched out than breathed out his life", it is inferred by some (who assume Jerome to speaking from authoritative knowledge and not merely in his usual highly rhetorical mode of vituperation) that he was then dead, and had not been made to suffer for his views too strenuously.〔 In fact, penalties of quite a cruel nature were often meted out upon heretics during the reign of Theodosius, and legal records at the time show that the Roman state did prescribe cruel punishments for him, including flogging and (supposing he survived) exile "...to the Isle of Bua" in the Adriatic Sea. It is worth noting in this regard that Augustine, in a relatively recently discovered letter (10 *), laments the use of the leaded thong on heretics, since, in the Saint's words, "...it so often leads to death." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jovinian」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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