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Judaizers is a term for Christians who insist that their co-religionists should follow the Law of Moses. This term is most widely known from its single use in the Greek New Testament (Galatians 2:14)〔''Greek New Testament'', Galatians 2:14 ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου εἶπον τῷ Πέτρῳ ἔμπροσθεν πάντων Εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ὑπάρχων ἐθνικῶς ζῇς καὶ οὐκ Ἰουδαϊκῶς τί τὰ ἔθνη ἀναγκάζεις Ἰουδαΐζειν.〕 where Paul publicly challenges Peter for compelling gentile converts to Early Christianity to "judaize",〔Michele Murray ''Playing a Jewish game: Gentile Christian Judaizing in the first and Second Centuries CE,'' Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion - 2004 p33 "From Paul's perspective, by withdrawing from Gentile table fellowship, Peter was sending a message to the Gentile believers of Antioch. The message to Antiochene Gentile Christians was that they were to judaize."〕 also known as the Incident at Antioch. This term includes groups who claim the necessity of continued obedience to the Law of Moses found in the first five books of the Christian Old Testament.〔JOHN BOWKER. "Judaizers," ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions.'' 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 13 Jul. 2013 Most Christians believe that much of the Old Covenant has been superseded, while some modern Protestants believe it has been completely abrogated and replaced with the Law of Christ. The Christian debate over Judaizing began in the lifetime of the apostles, notably at the Council of Jerusalem and the Incident at Antioch. It has been carried on parallel to continuing debates about Paul the Apostle and Judaism, Protestant views of the Ten Commandments, and Christian ethics. ==Origin of the word== The word ''Judaizer'' or ''Judaize'' is seldom used in English Bible translations; however, an exception is the Young's Literal Translation for Galatians 2:14: The meaning of the verb ''Judaize'',〔from the Koine Greek ''Ioudaizō'' (Ιουδαϊζω); see also (Strong's G2450 )〕 from which the noun ''Judaizer'' is derived, can only be derived from its various historical uses. Its Biblical meaning must also be inferred and is not clearly defined beyond its obvious relationship to the word "Jew." The ''Anchor Bible Dictionary,'' for example, says: “The clear implication is that gentiles are being compelled to live according to Jewish customs."〔''Anchor Bible Dictionary,'' Vol. 3. “Judaizing.”〕 The Koine Greek word Ιουδαϊζω being translated here occurs once in the Septuagint, in Esther 8:16–17 written around 200 BC in Susa, Persia: It occurs once in the New Testament, in (part of the Incident at Antioch) written around the year 50: It occurs once in Josephus' Jewish War 2.18.2, referring to the Great Jewish Revolt (66-73), written around the year 75: It occurs once in Plutarch on Cicero 7.6 written in about 75: The Romans may have considered all Christians to be Judaizers. According to Suetonius, during the reign of Domitian (81-96): It occurs once in the Apostolic Fathers collection, in Ignatius's letter to the Magnesians 10:3 written around the year 100: There are several direct interpolations by a later forger regarding anti-Judaizing in Ignatius's epistles that are considered authentic, it can be assumed the redactor was either trying to build upon Ignatius' positions or responsible for what is perceived as Ignatius' anti-Judaizing altogether. It occurs once in the Acts of Pilate, chapter 2, roughly dated from 150 to 400: The Synod of Elvira〔("A Short History of Canon Law from Apostolic Times to 1917 - The Council of Elvira, ca. 306" ). Ken Pennington, Ken, The Catholic University of America.〕 of around 306 prohibited Christians from marrying, worshipping with, or publicly eating with Jews, pagans and heretics. The Council of Laodicea of around 365 decreed 59 laws, #29: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Judaizers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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