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Juju or Ju-Ju (from the French ''joujou'') are objects, such as amulets, and spells used in religious practice, as part of witchcraft in West Africa.〔''Oxford English Dictionary''. ( Oxford University Press.〕 Juju historically referred to traditional West African religions.〔Augustus Ferryman Mockler-Ferryman, (Imperial Africa: the rise, progress and future of the British possessions in Africa, Volume 1 ), 1898〕 The term "juju", and the practices associated with it, travelled to the Americas from West Africa with the influx of slaves via the Atlantic slave trade and still survives in some areas, particularly among the various groups of Maroons, who have preserved their African traditions. Juju is sometimes used to enforce a contract or ensure compliance. In a typical scenario, a juju spell will be placed on a Nigerian woman before she is trafficked into Europe for a life in prostitution, to ensure that she will pay back her traffickers and won't escape.〔 The witch doctor casting the spell requires a payment for this service.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=People & Power - The Nigerian Connection )〕 Juju is also commonly used in an attempt to affect the outcome of football games. Contrary to common belief, Vodun is not related to juju, despite the linguistic and spiritual similarities. Juju has acquired some karmic attributes in more recent times: good juju can stem from almost any good deed; bad juju can be spread just as easily. These ideas revolve around the luck and fortune portions of juju. The use of juju to describe an object usually involves small items worn or carried; these generally contain medicines produced by witch doctors. The term "juju" also is used to refer to the juju bean native to West Africa. The poisonous bean grows on wild tree-dwelling vines. ==References== pt:Macumba tr:Juju (kültür) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Juju」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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