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''Jérusalem'' is a grand opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi. The libretto was to be an adaptation and partial translation of the composer's original 1843 Italian opera, ''I Lombardi alla prima crociata''. It was the one opera which he regarded as the most suitable for being translated into French and, taking Scribe's advice, Verdi agreed that a French libretto was to be prepared by Alphonse Royer and Gustave Vaëz, who had written the libretto for Donizetti's most successful French opera, ''La favorite''.〔 The opera received its premiere performance at the Salle Le Peletier in Paris on 26 November 1847. == Composition history == The director of the Paris Opéra, Léon Pillet, had invited Verdi to compose an opera for the company in November 1845 and February 1846, but initially Verdi declined.〔Budden, p. 341–342〕 This was the composer's first encounter with the Académie Royale de Musique, as the Paris Opéra was officially known. Among 19th-century Italian composers, there had been an increasing interest in writing for Paris, where the combination of money, prestige, and flexibility of style were appealing. Musicologist Julian Budden provides examples of those composers who had crossed the Alps, the most well-known being Rossini and Donizetti (as well as Vincenzo Bellini who, before he died in 1835, was planning a French grand opera.) However, Verdi had given some consideration of the idea of adapting one of the librettos written by Temistocle Solera in earlier years, librettos which music historian David Kimball regards as having something of grand opera in their structure.〔David Kimbell, in Holden, p. 987: Solera's earlier operas for Verdi begin with ''Oberto'' and include ''Nabucco'', as well as ''I Lombardi''.〕 After conducting the premiere of ''I masnadieri'' in London and within a week of Verdi's arrival in Paris on 27 July 1847, he received his first commission from the company, agreeing to adapt ''I Lombardi'' to a new French libretto.〔Walker 1962, pp. 181, 183–184.〕 The adaptation meant that Verdi could "try his hand at grand opera" without having to write something entirely new,〔David Kimbell, in Holden, p. 987: Solera's earlier operas for Verdi begin with ''Oberto'' and include ''Nabucco'', as well as ''I Lombardi''〕 a strategy which both Donizetti and Rossini had employed for their Paris debuts.〔Parker, pp. 893–894〕 There are significant changes in the location and action of the French version of ''Lombardi'', especially given the need to set the story for French involvement in the First Crusade of 1095–1099. Characters' names changed from Italian to French and one, Arvino (who was renamed as the Count of Toulouse, though elements of his character were given to the principal tenor role, Gastone) was now a baritone instead of a tenor. Several roles present in the original version were deleted, including the leading tenor role of Oronte. In the restructured libretto, the central romance is given more prominence, and a happier ending. In addition, Verdi added a standard ballet and new music, but re-shaped much of the structure by removing inappropriate material he felt to be weak. As musicologist Roger Parker notes, "only a few of the original numbers () in their former positions."〔 Verdi himself described the new work as having "transformed (Lombardi'' ) out of recognition".〔Verdi to Countess Appiani, 22 September 1847, in Budden, p. 343〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jérusalem」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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