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The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1878. The Order includes members of three classes: #Knight Grand Commander () #Knight Commander () #Companion () No appointments have been made since 1947, the year of the Partition of India. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Maharaja of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010.〔(Obituary of The Maharaja of Dhrangadhra-Halvad ) – Website Telegraph.co.uk, 2 September 2010〕 The motto of the Order is ''Imperatricis auspiciis'', (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empire; the senior one is The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India. ==History== The British founded the Order in 1878 to reward British and "native" officials who served in India. The Order originally had only one class (Companion), but expanded to comprise two classes in 1887.〔Buckland, C. E. (1901). ''Bengal Under the Lieutenant-Governors: Being a Narrative of the Principal Events and Public Measures During Their Periods of Office, from 1854 to 1898'', p. 699. Calcutta: S. K. Lahiri & Co.〕 The British authorities intended the Order of the Indian Empire as a less exclusive version of the Order of the Star of India (founded in 1861);〔(Debrett's website ''Orders Associated with the Indian Empire'' )〕 consequently, many more appointments were made to the former than to the latter. On 15 February 1887, the Order of the Indian Empire formally became "The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire" and was divided into two classes: Knights Commander and Companions, with the following first Knights Commander: *General Sir Frederick Sleigh Roberts *Edward Drummond *Sir Alfred Comyns Lyall *Bhagvatsingh of Gondal *Robert Anstruther Dalyell *Maxwell Melvill *Alexander Cunningham *Rana Shankar Baksh Singh *Dietrich Brandis *Sir Monier Williams *Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju, Maharaja of Vizianagram *Donald Campbell Macnabb *Nawab Munir ud-Daula Salar Jang, the Prime Minister of Hyderabad *George Christopher Molesworth Birdwood *Ranjit Singh, Raja of Ratlam *Surgeon-General Benjamin Simpson *Albert James Leppoc Cappel *Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Murshidabad *Lachmessur Singh, Maharaja of Darbhanga *Sir Nawab Imam Buksh Khan Mazari *Sir Nawab Bahram Khan Mazari *Sir Parashuram Bhausaheb Patwardhan *Rai Sahib Madan Mukund *H.H Sir Shuja ul-Mulk, the Mehtar of Chitral *Bapu Sahib Avar *Donald Mackenzie Wallace *Alfred Woodley Croft *Bradford Leslie *Sir James Houssemayne Du Boulay *Baba Sir Khem Singh Bedi, Spiritual Head of the Sikhs However, on 21 June 1887, a further proclamation regarding the Order was made; the Order was expanded from two classes to three – Knight Grand Commander, Knight Commander and Companion. Seven Knights Grand Commander were created, namely: *HRH The Prince of Wales *HRH The Duke of Edinburgh *HRH The Duke of Connaught and Strathearn *HRH The Duke of Cambridge *Lord Reay, Governor of Bombay *Lord Connemara, Governor of Madras *General Sir Frederick Sleigh Roberts (promoted from a Knight Commander) Appointments to both Orders ceased after 14 August 1947. The Orders have never been formally abolished, and Queen Elizabeth II remains the Sovereign of the Orders. Today, there are no living members of the order. * The last Grand Master of the Order was Rear Admiral The 1st Viscount Mountbatten of Burma (later promoted and created Admiral of the Fleet The 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma; 1900–1979), the last Viceroy of India. Lord Mountbatten was killed in an IRA bombing in County Sligo on 27 August 1979. *The last surviving GCIE, H.H. Maharaja Sri Sir Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma (1912–1991), the Maharaja of Travancore, died on 19 July 1991 in Trivandrum. *The last surviving KCIE, H.H. Maharaja Sri Sir the Maharaja of Dhrangadhra (1923–2010), the Maharaja of Dhrangadhra-Halvad, died at Dhrangadhra on 1 August 2010. *The last surviving CIE, Hugh Edward Richardson (1905–2000), died on 3 December 2000.〔(Daily Telegraph obituary (3 December 2000) )〕 The fictional characters Purun Dass (invented by Rudyard Kipling) and Harry Paget Flashman (invented by George MacDonald Fraser) each held a KCIE; Kipling's engineer Findlayson in ''The Day's Work'' (1908) aspires to the CIE. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Order of the Indian Empire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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