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Kaaba
The Kaaba or Ka'aba ( ' , "The Cube") also referred as Kaaba Muazzama (Grand Kaaba), is a building at the center of Islam's most sacred mosque, Al-Masjid al-Haram, in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is the most sacred Muslim site in the world.〔Wensinck, A. J; Ka`ba. Encyclopaedia of Islam IV p. 317〕 It is considered the "House of God" and has a similar role as the Tabernacle and Holy of Holies in Judaism. Wherever they are in the world, Muslims are expected to face the Kaaba when performing ''salat'' (prayer). From any point in the world, the direction facing the Kaaba is called the ''qibla''.
The sanctuary around the Kaaba is called Al-Masjid al-Haram (Sacred Mosque).
One of the Five Pillars of Islam requires every Muslim who is able to do so to perform the ''hajj'' pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime. Multiple parts of the ''hajj'' require pilgrims to make ''tawaf'', the circumambulation seven times around the Kaaba in a counter-clockwise direction. Tawaf is also performed by pilgrims during the ''umrah'' (lesser pilgrimage).〔 However, the most interesting times are during the ''hajj'', when millions of pilgrims gather to circle the building on the same day. In 2013, the number of pilgrims coming from outside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to perform ''hajj'' was officially reported as 1,379,531. In 2014, Saudi Arabia reported having completed Hajj permits for 1,389,053 international pilgrims and 63,375 for residents.
==Lexicology==
The building is called by many names in the Quran and Hadith, such as ''Bait'' (House), ''Bait ul Haram'' (Sacred House), ''Bait Ullah'' (House of Allah), ''Bait al-Ateeq'' (Ancient House), ''Awal ul Bait'' (First House) and ''Kaabah''. The Arabic word ''Bait'' is cognate to the Hebrew ''Beit'' as used in for example ''Beit HaMikdash'' (Holy House) and Beit El/Bethel (House of God). The Arabic word ''Kaaba'' means square or cube.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kaaba )〕 The Quran also mentions ''Bait al-Ma'mur'', the House of God in Heavens which the Kaaba symbolizes, where according to Hadith the Angels perform Tawaf and Prayers.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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