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Kabir (IAST: Kabīr) was a 15th-century Indian mystic poet and saint, whose writings influenced Hinduism's Bhakti movement and his verses are found in Sikh's scripture Adi Granth.〔(Kabir ) Encyclopædia Britannica (2015)Accessed: July 27, 2015〕〔 His early life was in a Muslim family, but he was strongly influenced by his teacher, the Hindu bhakti leader Ramananda.〔 Kabir is known for being critical of both Hinduism and Islam, stating that the former were misguided by the Vedas and the latter by the Quran, and questioning their meaningless rites of initiation such as the sacred thread and circumcision respectively.〔 During his lifetime, he was threatened by both Hindus and Muslims for his views.〔 When he died, both Hindus and Muslims he had inspired claimed him as theirs.〔 Kabir suggested that True God is with the person who is on the path of righteousness, considered all creatures on earth as his own self, and who is passively detached from the affairs of the world.〔 To know God, suggested Kabir, meditate with the mantra ''Rāma, Rāma''.〔 Kabir's legacy survives and continued through the Kabir panth ("Path of Kabir"), a religious community that recognises him as its founder and is one of the Sant Mat sects. Its members, known as ''Kabir panthis''.〔David Lorenzen (Editors: Karine Schomer and W. H. McLeod, 1987), The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, ISBN 978-81-208-0277-3, pages 281–302〕 ==Early life and background== The years of year of Kabir's birth and death are unclear.〔 〕 Some historians favor 1398–1448 as the period Kabir lived,〔 while others favor 1440–1518.〔〔 Many legends, inconsistent in their details, exist about his birth family and early life. According to one version, Kabir was born to a Brahmin unwed mother in Varanasi, by immaculate conception and delivered through the palm of her hand,〔 who then abandoned him in a basket floating in a pond, and baby Kabir was picked up then raised by a Muslim family.〔〔 However, modern scholarship has abandoned these legends for lack of historical evidence, and Kabir is widely accepted to have been born and brought up in a family of Muslim weavers.〔 According to the Indologist Wendy Doniger, Kabir was born into a Muslim family and various birth legends attempt to "drag Kabir back over the line from Muslim to Hindu".〔Wendy Doniger, ''The Hindus: An Alternative History'', Oxford University Press (2010), p. 462〕 Some scholars state that Kabir's parents may have been recent converts to Islam, they and Kabir were likely unaware of Islamic orthodox tradition, and are likely to have been following the Nath (Shaiva Yogi) school of Hinduism. This view, while contested by other scholars, has been summarized by Charlotte Vaudeville as follows,〔 Kabir is widely believed to have become one of the many disciples of the Bhakti poet-sant Swami Ramananda in Varanasi, known for devotional Vaishnavism with a strong bent to monist Advaita philosophy teaching that God was inside every person, everything.〔〔Rekha Pande (2014), Divine Sounds from the Heart—Singing Unfettered in their Own Voices, Cambridge Scholars, ISBN 978-1443825252, page 77〕〔Ronald McGregor (1984), Hindi literature from its beginnings to the nineteenth century, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 978-3447024136, pages 43–44〕 Some legends assert that Kabir never married and led a celibate's life. Most scholars conclude from historical literature that this legend is also untrue, that Kabir was likely married, his wife probably was named ''Dhania'', they had at least one son named ''Kamal'' and a daughter named ''Kamali''. Kabir's family is believed to have lived in the locality of Kabir Chaura in Varanasi. ''Kabīr maṭha'' (), a ''maṭha'' located in the back alleys of Kabir Chaura, celebrates his life and times. Accompanying the property is a house named ''Nīrūṭīlā'' () which houses Niru and Nima's graves. The house also accommodates students and scholars who live there and study Kabir's work. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kabir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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