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Kadifekale (''literally "the velvet castle" in Turkish'') is the name of the hill located within the urban zone of İzmir, Turkey, as well as being the name of the ancient castle on top of the same hill. Both the hill and the castle were named Pagos ((ギリシア語:Πάγος), Pagus under the Roman Empire) in pre-Turkish times and by the local Greeks in modern times. The summit where the castle is found is located at a distance of about 2 km from the shoreline and commands a general view of a large part of the city of İzmir, as well as of the Gulf of İzmir. Administratively, the hill area covers six quarters constituted by slums in their large part, one named Kadifekale like the hill, and others Alireis, Altay, İmariye, Kosova and Yenimahalle.〔Of these quarters, "Alireis" is notable in being one of the initial 15th-16th century Ottoman urban wards of İzmir's Turkish settlement which had started in Kadifekale in the 14th century. Just below the castle on the slopes facing the sea, the quarter was mentioned under the name "Ali Çavuş" in one of the first extant Ottoman records on İzmir, which is dated 1576. Three quarters neighboring Alireis to the north-east, respectively "Masjid-i Selatinzade" (the quarter now named ''"Kubilay"'' with the name of the local mosque remaining the same; ''"Selatinoğlu"''), "Hanbey" or "Pazar" (now named ''"Pazaryeri"'') and "Faikpaşa" (still called under the same name) are earlier still and were recorded in the very first extant imperial records mentinoning the four original urban wards and one depending village of Ottoman İzmir, corresponding to a total population estimated between 2500-4000. Of these, Pazaryeri is just above the Agora of Smyrna, while the Roman-era theatre could still be tracked in the beginning of the 20th century from Faikpaşa quarter to the Basmane train station slightly below to the north-west. 〕 In 2007, the metropolitan municipality of İzmir started renovation and restoration works in Kadifekale. ==Re-foundation of Smyrna on Mount Pagos== The first recorded defensive walls built here was the work of Lysimachos, a "successor" (diadochus) of Alexander the Great, later a king (306 BC) in Thrace and Asia Minor. This construction was associated with Alexander's re-foundation of Smyrna, moving it from Old Smyrna on a mound in the southeastern corner of the inner gulf where only a few thousand people could be accommodated. This move for the location of a new and larger city gained fame in a legend told by Pausanias, according to which Alexander, during a rest after hunting under a plane tree near the sanctuary on the hill of the two Nemeseis worshipped by the Smyrneans, was approached during his sleep by the goddesses who bade him found a city on that very spot, transferring to it the inhabitants of the earlier site. Upon this, the famous oracle in Klaros was consulted and the answer received was; Three and four times happy shall those men be hereafter, who shall dwell on Pagus beyond the sacred Meles. While Alexander could only act as inspirator and/or initiator for the move, the recent excavations in Old Smyrna have shown that the settlement there could have ceased even during his lifetime. The legend, in the meantime, was frequently depicted on ancient coins. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kadifekale」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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