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| native_name_lang = ko | official_name = | settlement_type = Municipal City with special status | nickname = ''Songdo'' (송도/松都)(Korean) "City of Pines " | translit_lang1 = Korean | translit_lang1_type1 = Chosŏn'gŭl | translit_lang1_info1 = | translit_lang1_type2 = Hancha | translit_lang1_info2 = | translit_lang1_type3 = | translit_lang1_info3 = Kaesŏng-T'ŭkkŭpsi | translit_lang1_type4 = | translit_lang1_info4 = Gaeseong-Teukgeupsi | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = North Hwanghae | area_total_km2 = 1309 | population_as_of = 2009 | population_total = 192,578 | parts_type = Administrative divisions | parts = 24 ''dong'', 3 ''ri'' | established_title = Settled | established_date = c. 700 | population_blank1_title = Dialect | population_blank1 = Gyeonggi | image_skyline = VIEW OF KAESONG CITY DPR KOREA OCT 2012 (8157429066).jpg | image_caption = The old town in Kaesong | image_map = DPRK2006 Hwangbuk-Kaesong.PNG | text = Split from Gyeonggi in 1951; joined North Hwanghae in 2003. }} Kaesong (Gaeseong; (:kɛsʰʌŋ)) is a city in North Hwanghae Province in the southern part of North Korea, a former Directly-Governed City, and the capital of Korea during the Taebong and subsequent Goryeo kingdoms. The city is near the Kaesong Industrial Region close to the border with South Korea and contains the remains of the Manwoldae palace. Called Songdo while it was the ancient capital of Goryeo, the city prospered as a trade center that produced Korean ginseng. Kaesong now functions as the DPRK's light industry centre. It was also known by the Japanese pronunciation of its name, "Kaijō", during the Japanese occupation from 1910-45. Due to the city's proximity to the border with South Korea, Kaesong hosts cross-border economic exchanges between the two countries as well as the jointly-run Kaesong Industrial Region. As of 2009 the city had a population of 192,578. ==History== The earliest archaeological signs of habitation in the Kaesong area date from the Neolithic. Artifacts such as Jeulmun pottery, stone ware, and stone axes have been excavated from Osongsan and Kaesong Nasong, the double-walled fortress of Kaesong. As Kaesong has been occupied by various states throughout centuries, its name has changed. It was in the realm of Mahan confederacy, and was referred to as ''Busogap'' during the rule of Goguryeo. Before the strength of Baekje was retreated to the southwest of Jungnyeong, Mungyeong Saejae, and Asan Bay in 475, the area had been a part of Baekje for about 100 years. However, it became a territory of Silla in 555, the 16th year of Jinheung of Silla's reign, and its name was changed to ''Song'ak-gun'' during the period. According to the ''Samguk Sagi'', when a castle was built in the site in 694, the third year of Hyoso of Silla's reign, Kaesong was referred to as "Song'ak (송악; 松嶽)". Therefore, it is assumed that the name Song'ak had been used at least before the time.〔(개성시 開城市 (Kaesong) ) (in Korean) Nate/ Encyclopedia of Korean Culture〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kaesong」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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