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is a medical text translated into Japanese during the Edo period. It is based on the Dutch-language translation ''Ontleedkundige Tafelen'', often known in Japan as , of Kulmus’ German ''Anatomische Tabellen''. As a full-blown translation from a Western language, it was the first of its kind in Japan. It was written by Sugita Genpaku, and was published by Suharaya Ichibee () in 1774, the third year of An'ei. The body comprises four volumes, the illustrations, one. The contents are written kanbun-style. ==Background== On 4 March 1771, the eighth year of Meiwa, the students of Rangaku medicine Sugita Genpaku, Maeno Ryōtaku, Nakagawa Jun'an, ''et al.'', by studying performing autopsies on criminals executed at the Kozukappara execution grounds (now, there is a possibility that Katsuragawa Hoshū was at this facility as well, but from the description in , it seems more likely that he was not). Both Sugita and Maeno had the book ''Ontleedkundige Tafelen'', imported from Holland. Sugita, marveling at the accuracy of the work while comparing it by eye with his autopsies, proposed to Maeno that it be translated. For some time, Sugita had a desire to translate something from Dutch; now he would get approval for this. He met with Maeno the very next day (5 March) and began translation. The one who recommended ''Kaitai Shinsho'' to the Shogun was Katsuragawa Hosan. At first, Sugita and Nakagawa could not actually read Dutch; even with Maeno who could, their Dutch vocabulary was inadequate. It would have been difficult for them to consult with the Dutch translations and translators (Tsūji) in Nagasaki, and naturally there were no dictionaries at the time. A translation from any other Western language would have been out of the question, as the government of the time did not allow contact with any other Western nation. Therefore, in a process comparable to cryptanalysis, they progressed with translation work. In his later years, Sugita would detail the process in ''Rangaku Koto Hajime''. In the second year of An'ei (1773), as they arrived at a translation goal, in order to ascertain society’s response, they released the , a five-page flyer. In 1774, ''Kaitai Shinsho'' was published. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kaitai Shinsho」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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