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Kajkavian (''Kajkavian'' noun: ''kajkavščina''; ''Shtokavian'' adjective: ''kajkavski'' ,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hjp.novi-liber.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=el9hXxM%3D&keyword=kajkavski )〕 noun: ''kajkavica'' or ''kajkavština'' )〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hjp.novi-liber.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=el9hXxU%3D&keyword=kajkav%C5%A1tina )〕 is a dialect of the Serbo-Croatian language spoken by Croats in Central Croatia, Gorski Kotar and northern Istria.〔The Kajkavian speech of northern Istria is conventionally called Kajkavian but the features that differentiate it from neighboring Chakavian are not strictly or distinctly Kajkavian nor are those speech forms located in continuum with any other Kajkavian speech in Croatia. They have features common to both Slovene across the border as well as Kajkavian elsewhere.〕 It has low mutual intelligibility with the Shtokavian dialect upon which Croatia's standard language is based. Some notable linguists consider Kajkavian to be a language of its own.〔Silić, Josip (1998), Hrvatski standardni jezik i hrvatska narječja, Kolo. 8, 4, p. 425-430. 〕 As of 2015, Literary Kajkavian has a separate language ISO 639-3 code – ''kjv''. Active attempts are being made by some organizations to widen its recognition and status, which has thus far included introduction of school subjects in Kajkavian in some parts of Croatia as well as the creation of the aforementioned ISO code.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kajkavski proglašen jezikom, čakavica pred nestajanjem )〕 The term Kajkavian stems from the interrogative pronoun ''kaj'' (''what''). The other main dialects of Serbo-Croatian also derive their name from their reflex of the interrogative pronoun.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hjp.novi-liber.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=el9hXRE%3D&keyword=kaj )〕 However, the pronouns are only general pointers and do not serve as actual identifiers of the respective dialects. Certain Kajkavian dialects use the interrogative pronoun ''ča'', the one that is usually used in the Chakavian dialect. The pronouns these dialects are named after are merely the most common one in that dialect. Outside of Croatia, the dialect is also spoken in Austrian Burgenland and a number of enclaves in Hungary along the Austrian and Croatian border and in Romania. Although speakers of Kajkavian are Croats, and Kajkavian is considered a dialect of Serbo-Croatian, its closest relative is the Slovene language, followed by Chakavian and then Shtokavian. Kajkavian is part of a dialect continuum with both Slovene and Chakavian. ==Classification== Historically, the classification of Kajkavian has been a subject of much debate regarding both the question of whether it ought to be considered a dialect or a language, as well as the question of what its relation is to neighboring speeches. Since at least early to mid-20th century, Kajkavian has been conventionally classified as a Serbo-Croatian dialect. Autonyms used throughout history by various Kajkavian writers have been manifold, ranging from ''Slavic'' (''slavonski'', ''slovenski'', ''slovinski'') to ''Croatian'' (''horvatski'') or ''Illyrian'' (''illirski''). The naming went through several phases, with the Slavic-based name initially being dominant. Over time, the name ''Croatian'' started gaining ground mainly during the 17th century, and by the beginning of the 18th century, it had supplanted the older name ''Slavic''. The name also followed the same evolution in neighboring Slovene Prekmurje, although there the name ''Slovene-Croatian'' (''slovensko-horvatski'') existed as well. The actual term Kajkavian (''kajkavski'') is today accepted by its speakers in Croatia. The problem with classifying Kajkavian within South Slavic stems in part from its structural differences from neighboring Shtokavian speeches as well as its historical closeness to Slovene speeches. Some Slavists maintain that when the separation of Western South Slavic speeches happened, they separated into four divergent groups — Shtokavian, Chakavian, Kajkavian and Slovene. As a result of this, throughout history Kajkavian has often been categorized differently than today. It was considered by many to be either a separate node altogether or a node categorized together with Slovene (then under a different name, ''Kranjski''). Furthermore, no isoglosses exist that would separate all Slovene speeches from all Serbo-Croatian speeches. Nor do innovations exist common to Kajkavian, Chakavian, and Shtokavian that would separate them from Slovene. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kajkavian dialect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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