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The Yarsan or Ahl-e Haqq (Kurdish: , ''Yarsan'',〔P. G. Kreyenbroek (1992). Review of ''The Yaresan: A Sociological, Historical and Religio-Historical Study of a Kurdish Community'', by M. Reza Hamzeh'ee, 1990, ISBN 3-922968-83-X. ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'', University of London, Vol.55, No.3, pp.565-566.〕 (ペルシア語:اهل حق) ''Ahl-e Haqq'' "People of Truth") is a syncretic religion founded by Sultan Sahak in the late 14th century in western Iran.〔Elahi, Bahram (1987). ''The path of perfection, the spiritual teachings of Master Nur Ali Elahi''. ISBN 0-7126-0200-3.〕 The total number of members is estimated at around 500,000〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kaka’ee… marginalized minority — kirkuknow.com ) Archived from (the original ) on 2015-09-01.〕 or 1,000,000,〔''Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa'' (Detroit: Thompson Gale, 2004) p. 82〕 primarily found in western Iran and eastern Iraq, mostly ethnic Goran Kurds,〔Edmonds, Cecil. Kurds, Turks, and Arabs: politics, travel, and research in north-eastern Iraq, 1919-1925. Oxford University Press, 1957.〕 though there are also smaller groups of Persian, Lori, Azeri and Arab adherents.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ahl-e Haqq - Principle Beliefs and Convictions )〕 Some Yarsanis in Iraq are called ''Kaka'i''. Yarsanis are also found in some rural communities in southeastern Turkey. The Yarsan have a distinct religious literature primarily written in the Gorani language and partly in Persian. However, few modern Yarsani can speak or read Gorani (a Northwestern Iranian language belonging to the branch Zaza-Gorani) as their mother tongues are Southern Kurdish and Sorani Kurdish, which belong to the other two branches of the Kurdish language family. The Sarli living near Eski Kalak are adherents, as Edmonds (1957: 195) surmised and Moosa (1988: 168) observed. Their central religious book is called the ''Kalâm-e Saranjâm'', written in the 15th century based on the teachings of Sultan Sahak. Up to the 20th century, the Yarsani faith was strictly for Kurds who were born into it, called ''checkedea'' ("a drop of"), as opposed to individuals who married into a Yarsani family, called ''chasbedea'' ("attached"). Adherents today are mainly found among the Kurdish tribes of the Guran, Qalkhani, Bajalani and Sanjabi, located in western Iran, forming approximately a third of the population in the religiously diverse Kermanshah Province.〔Z. Mir-Hosseini (1994). "Inner Truth and Outer History: The Two Worlds of the Ahl-e Haqq of Kurdistan", ''International Journal of Middle East Studies'', Vol.26, pp.267-269.〕 There are some groups located around Kirkuk in Iraq. The Arabic-speaking adherents are based in the Iraqi cities of Mandali, Baqubah, and Khanaqin. According to Encyclopædia Britannica, "The chief source of information about the Ahl-e Haqq is the ''Firqan al-Akhbar'', written in... early 20th century by Hajj Nematollah".〔(Firqan-al-Akhbar ) at Encyclopædia Britannica.〕 ==Religious beliefs== The Ahl-e Haqq follow the mystical teachings of Sultan Sahak. From the Ahl-e Haqq point of view, the universe is composed of two distinct yet interrelated worlds: the internal (''Bātinī'') and the external (''zāhirī''), each having its own order and rules. Although humans are only aware of the outer world, their lives are governed according to the rules of the inner world. Among other important pillars of their belief system are that the Divine Essence has successive manifestations in human form (''mazhariyyat'') and the belief in transmigration of the soul (''dunaduni'' in Kurdish). For these reasons, the members of Ahl-e Haqq faith cannot be considered as part of the religion of Islam. The Yarsani faith has no common belief with Islam other than the ''ghulat'' Shia Islamic assertion of the divinity or godhead/godhood of Ali, although it can be identified as Kurdish esoterism which emerged under the intense influence of Bātinī-Sufism during the last two centuries. There are however, some followers of the Ahl-e Haqq who believe that they are an Islamic group and that all other doctrines contradicting the Quran occurred centuries later by other influences. They believe that some followers today who claim they aren't Muslim lack knowledge, since the Ahl-e Haqq belief sees Ali as a perfect example to follow. The same problem and differences in opinion can be seen in the belief of the Alevis. Some people believe that the Ahl-e Haqq was originally a Sufi order within Shia Islam. The name, popularity and influence of Haji Bektash Veli is well known among the Ahl-i Haqq. According to Ahl-i Haqq legend〔http://www.hum.uu.nl/medewerkers/m.vanbruinessen/publications/Bruinessen_Haji_Bektash_Soltan_Sahak.pdf〕 after Sultan Sahak, the last great Divine Manifestation, had completed the revelation of his esoteric teachings (''haqiqat'') to his first disciples among the Guran he took his leave of them. Disappearing from the Guran country without a trace, he reappeared in Anatolia in the form of Haji Bektash Veli. He taught mystical doctrines and techniques (''tariqat'') in those lands for almost a hundred years, and then returned to the Guran country. In the perception of his disciples there, he had been away for only an hour.〔http://rbedrosian.com/Ref/Moosa/mmes18.htm〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yarsanism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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