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In the former Ottoman countries, a kaldırım (Turkish) or kalderimi (Greek καλντερίμι or καλντιρίμι; plural ''kalderimia'') is a cobblestone-paved road built for hoofed traffic. ''Kalderimia'' are sometimes described as cobbled or paved mule tracks or trails.〔Loraine Wilson, ''The High Mountains of Crete'' (Cicerone Mountain Guide), ISBN 1852845252, 2010, ''passim''.〕〔Brian Anderson, Eileen Anderson, ''Sunflower Guide Lesvos'', 2007, ''passim''〕 ''Kalderimia'' are typically 1–1.5 m wide.〔Edward W. Kase, ''The Great Isthmus Corridor Route: Explorations of the Phokis-Doris Expedition'' (Publications in Ancient Studies ; No. 3), 1991, ISBN 0840365381, p. 43〕〔Rackham, p. 156, says 4.5 m, but this must be a typo for 4.5 ft.〕 In Turkey, there existed urban ''kaldırımlar'', notably the steep stepped ''Yüksek Kaldırım'' in Karaköy, Istanbul. In Greece, the ''kalderimi'' network formerly linked almost every village, hamlet, chapel, and even sheepfold. These roads are paved with flat stones. As they are designed for foot and hoofed traffic, they have steps where necessary, made of stones laid vertically. On flat stretches, they may be unpaved. ''Kalderimia'' use switchbacks on steep ascents, and often have parapets next to steep slopes. When they cross streams, there may be paved fords.〔Oliver Rackham, Jennifer Alice Moody, ''The Making of the Cretan Landscape'', ISBN 071903647X, p. 156〕 The Skala of Vradeto (Greek: Σκάλα Βραδέτου) is a well-known ''kalderimi'' in the Epirus village of Vradeto used to enter the Vikos Gorge.〔Jack Johnson, ed., ''World's Great Adventure Treks'', p. 45〕 ==History== ''Kalderimia'' existed under the Ottoman Empire, and the name is Turkish, but it is not clear when they were first built. It is possible that, in Crete, they were originally Venetian roads.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kalderimi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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