|
Kaleybar ((ペルシア語:كليبر)) ((アゼルバイジャン語:Kəleybər كليبر)); also Romanized as Kalībar, Kalipar, Keleibar, and Keleivar) is a city in and the capital of Kaleybar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. According to the 2006 census, Kaleybar, with a population of 9,030 in 2,397 families, is the 25th most populated city of the province. In recent year the city has become a tourist destination thanks to its proximity to Babak Castle. In addition, as a result of geopolitical developments Kaleybar is gradually replacing Ahar as the capital city of Qareh Dagh region. ==History== Kaleybar, known as Badd or Baddayn (or Bedh) in Islamic chronicles, was the stronghold of Babak Khorramdin who, in 816 AD, revolted against Islamic Caliphate. Babak's resistance was ended in 836 when he was defeated by the Iranian General Afshin, acting on behalf of the Caliphate.〔K. Farrokh, Iran at War: 1500-1988, 2011, Osprey Publishing〕 The events of the two decades long tumultuous times subjected the town to the reports of early Islamic historians. The first reference to Kaleybar has been by Al-Masudi in The Meadows of Gold, ''Babak revolted in Bedh region with the deciples of Djavidan'' ...〔‘Alī ibn al-Husayn al- Mas‘Ūdī, Pavet de Courteille, Les Prairies d'or de Maçoudi, 1873, Paris, vol. 7, p. 62〕 ''Following a series of defeats Babak was blockaded in his native town..., which even now is known as Babak's countr''y.〔‘Alī ibn al-Husayn al- Mas‘Ūdī, Pavet de Courteille, Les Prairies d'or de Maçoudi, 1873, Paris, vol. 7, p. 123〕 Ibn Athir in his book, The Complete History, has devoted many pages to the description of battles which took place in Kaleybar between the Armies of Caliphate and Babak's forces.〔عز الدین ابن اثیر، تاریخ کامل، ۱۳۸۱، تهران، جلد نهم، صص. ۳۹۸۲-۴۰۱۲.〕 Yaqut al-Hamawi, writing in early thirteenth century, describes Kaleybar as the followin, ''County between Azerbaijan and Erran. This is where Babek resisted when he rebelled against Mo'taçem. We know these verses Bokhteri'' ''God protects you, great warrior who, in the days of Babak, have reversed the doors of the ungodly;'' ''It is you who have taken their city Bedh that you covered the shamelessness in it.'' ''There was a near Bedd, says the poet Mo'çer, a place of an area of about three acres, every time we say the name of God, a hidden voice responds. This is where the Red-Wearing Ones, also called the Khurramites raised the standard of revolt led by Babak ', this is also they expect EI-Mehdi. At the bottom, flows a large river which has the property of curing the most inveterate fevers. The Arax river flows on the border. This county produces pomegranates of incomparable beauty, excellent figs and grapes that are dried on fires (because the sun is always obscured by thick clouds).'' 〔Yaqut ibn 'Abd Allah al-Rumi al-Hamawi, Charles Adrien Casimir Barbier de Meynard, Dictionnaire géographique, historique et littéraire de la Perse et des contrees adjacentes, 1851, Paris, pp. 87-88〕 Hamdallah Mustawfi, writing in mid fourteenth century, mentions Kaleybar as, ''A village of Azerbaijan, in the woods near a mountain which comprises a fortress. Below flows a river. The country produces wheat and fruit, and its inhabitants, who are Turks or Mongols, follow the rite of Schafey''.〔نزهةالقلوب ، حمداله مستوفی ، به کوشش محمد دبیر سیاقی ، انتشارات کتابخانه طهوری ، چاپ اول ، تهران ، ۱۳۳۶، ص. ۹۵.〕〔Yaqut ibn 'Abd Allah al-Rumi al-Hamawi, Charles Adrien Casimir Barbier de Meynard, Dictionnaire géographique, historique et littéraire de la Perse et des contrees adjacentes, 1851, Paris, p. 493〕 Kaleybar, perhaps, suffered enormously during Russo-Persian War (1804–13) and Russo-Persian War (1826–28) due to its proximity to the war zone. Moreover, through the involvement of Arasbaran tribes in armed conflicts during the Persian Constitutional Revolution, Kaleybar should have experienced a tumultuous period. The period has been described in the following books, which are dedicated to the contemporary history of Arasbaran region. * H. Bayburdi "The history of Arasbaran",〔سرهنگ حسین بایبوردی، "تاریخ ارسباران"، ابن سینا، تهران ۱۳۴۱〕 * H. Doosti, "The history and geography of Arasbaran",〔حسین دوستی، تاریخ و جغرافیای ارسباران,انتشارات احرار,تبریز,1373〕 * N. Sedqi, "The contemporary political and social history of Arasbaran",〔ناصر صدقی،تاریخ اجتماعى و سیاسى ارسباران (قره داغ) در دوره معاصر، ۱۳۸۸، تبریز، نشر اختر.〕 * S.R. Alemohammad, "The book of Arasbaran".〔سیدرضا آل‌محمد، نامه ارسباران، ۱۳۹۱، تهران، کتابخانه موزه و اسناد مجلس شورای اسلامی.〕 * "The Tribes of Qarāca Dāġ: A Brief History" by P. Oberling.〔Oberling, Pierre. "The Tribes of Qarāca Dāġ: A Brief History." Oriens 17 (1964): 60-95〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kaleybar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|