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Kalinga was an early republic in central East India that comprised north eastern parts of modern state of Andhra Pradesh, most of the modern state of Odisha and a portion of Chattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh States.〔An Advanced History of India. By R. C. Majumdar, H. C. Raychaudhuri, and Kaukinkar Datta. 1946. London: Macmillan〕〔http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310196/Kalinga〕〔http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-02/visakhapatnam/35547536_1_jagannath-temple-kalinga-lord-jagannath〕 It was a rich and fertile land that extended from the Damodar River/Ganges to the Godavari River and from Bay of Bengal to the Amarkantak range in the west.〔 The region was scene of the bloody Kalinga War fought by Ashoka of the Maurya Empire approximately 265 BCE.〔Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, 1961 (revision 1998); Oxford University Press〕 == History == The core area of the historical Kalinga now forms the sea shore of Orissa and Andhra region of Andhra Pradesh, up to river Godavari state in India. Kalinga is mentioned as "Calingae" in Megasthenes' ''Indica'': The Kalinga alphabet derived from Brahmi was used for writing. Kalinga was a powerful kingdom during the Mauryan era. The kingdom fell when emperor Ashoka led a war against the republic, leading to its bloody defeat in the Kalinga War. It seems to have gained independence soon by the time of king Kharavela.〔Agrawal, Sadananda (2000): Śrī Khāravela, Sri Digambar Jain Samaj, Cuttack, Odisha〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kalinga (India)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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