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Kaliningrad (), formerly called Königsberg ((ドイツ語:Königsberg); ; Old Prussian: '; (ポーランド語:Królewiec); (リトアニア語:Karaliaučius)), is a seaport city and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea. The locality was a site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement/fort Twangste. In 1255, a new fortress was built on this site by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named "Königsberg" in honor of King Ottokar II of Bohemia. The town was part of the State of the Teutonic Order, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Prussia and Germany (until 1945). Until the end of World War II, the area formed the northern part of the former East Prussia. The city was largely destroyed during World War II; its ruins were captured by the Red Army on 9 April 1945 and its German population fled or was removed by force. It was renamed Kaliningrad on July 4, 1946〔Decree of July 4, 1946〕 in honor of Bolshevik Mikhail Kalinin. In 2005 Kaliningrad celebrated its 750 years of existence.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The New York Times )〕 According to the 2010 Census, its population was 431,902〔—an increase from 430,003 recorded in the 2002 Census. ==Geography== Kaliningrad is at the mouth of the navigable Pregolya River, which empties into the Vistula Lagoon, an inlet of the Baltic Sea. Sea vessels can access Gdańsk Bay/Bay of Danzig and the Baltic Sea by way of the Vistula Lagoon and the Strait of Baltiysk. Until around 1900 ships drawing more than of water could not pass the bar and come into town; larger vessels had to anchor at Pillau (now Baltiysk), where merchandise was moved onto smaller vessels. In 1901 a ship canal between Königsberg and Pillau, completed at a cost of 13 million German marks, enabled vessels of a draught to moor alongside the town (see also Ports of the Baltic Sea). Khrabrovo Airport, north of Kaliningrad, has a few scheduled and charter services to several destinations throughout Europe. There is the smaller Kaliningrad Devau Airport for general aviation. Kaliningrad is also home to Kaliningrad Chkalovsk naval air base. File:The city center of Kaliningrad.jpg| The Pregolya River in Kaliningrad. File:Kaliningrad.jpg|The historic city center of Kaliningrad. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kaliningrad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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