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Kallar (caste)
The Kallar (or Kallan, formerly spelled as Colleries) are one of the three related castes of southern India which constitute the Mukkulathor confederacy. The Kallar, along with the Maravar and Akamudayar, constitute a united social caste on the basis of parallel professions, though their locations and heritages are wholly separate from one another.
==Etymology==
''Kallar'' is a Tamil language word meaning "thief". Their history has included periods of banditry. Other proposed etymological origins include "black skinned", "hero", and "toddy-tappers".
The anthropologist Susan Bayly notes that the name, as with that of Maravar, was a title bestowed by Tamil poligars (warrior-chiefs) on pastoral peasants who acted as their armed retainers. The majority of those poligars, who during the late 17th- and 18th-centuries controlled much of the Telugu region as well as the Tamil area, had themselves come from the Kallar, Maravar and Vaduga communities. ''Kallar'' is synonymous with the western Indian term, ''Koli'', having connotations of thievery but also of upland pastoralism. According to Bayly, ''Kallar'' should be considered a "title of rural groups in Tamil Nadu with warrior-pastoralist ancestral traditions."
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