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Calliope
In Greek mythology, Calliope ( ; , ''Kalliopē'' "beautiful-voiced") is the muse who presides over eloquence and epic poetry; so called from the ecstatic harmony of her voice. She is spoken of by Ovid as the "Chief of all Muses."〔This belief in the goddess's identify, however, really cannot be proved from the text of the ''Iliad'', because there is no evidence as to the referent of θεά (goddess). Neither Kirk nor Leaf makes such a claim in their commentaries on the ''Iliad''. They simply say that she is "the Muse" (Μοῦσα). See G. S. Kirk, ed., ''Books 1–4'', vol. I in ''The Iliad: A Commentary'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 51; and Walter Leaf, ed., ''Books I–XII'', vol. I of ''The Iliad''. 2nd ed. (London: Macmillan, 1900), p. 3.〕
==Mythology==
One account says Calliope was the lover of the war god Ares, and bore him several sons: Mygdon, Edonus, Biston, and Odomantus (or Odomas), respectively the founders of Thracian tribes known as the Mygdones, Edones, Bistones, and Odomantes.
Calliope also had two famous sons, Orpheus〔''The Greek Gods'' by Hoopes And Evslin, ISBN 0-590-44110-8, ISBN 0-590-44110-8, 1995, page 77. His father was a Thracian king; His mother the muse Calliope. For a while he lived on Parnassus with his mother and his eight beautiful aunts and there met Apollo who was courting the laughing muse Thalia. Apollo was taken with Orpheus, gave him his little golden lyre m, and taught him to play. And his mother taught him to make verses for singing.〕 and Linus,〔Apollodorus, Library and Epitome, 2.4.9, This Linus was a brother of Orpheus; he came to Thebes and became a Theban〕 by either Apollo or the king Oeagrus of Thrace. She taught Orpheus verses for singing.〔''The Greek Gods'' by Hoopes And Evslin, ISBN 0-590-44110-8, ISBN 0-590-44110-8, 1995, page 77. His father was a Thracian king; His mother the muse Calliope. For a while he lived on Parnassus with his mother and his eight beautiful aunts and there met Apollo who was courting the laughing muse Thalia. Apollo was taken with Orpheus, gave him his little golden lyre m, and taught him to play. And his mother taught him to make verses for singing.〕 According to Hesiod, she was also the wisest of the Muses, as well as the most assertive. Calliope married Oeagrus close to Pimpleia,〔''The Argonautica'', Book I,(ll. 23–34) First then let us name Orpheus whom once Calliope bare, it is said, wedded to Thracian Oeagrus, near the Pimpleian height. Men say that he by the music of his songs charmed the stubborn rocks upon the mountains and the course of rivers. And the wild oak-trees to this day,tokens of that magic strain, that grow at Zone on the Thracian shore,stand in ordered ranks close together, the same which under the charm of his lyre he led down from Pieria."〕 Olympus. She is said to have defeated the daughters of Pierus, king of Thessaly, in a singing match, and then, to punish their presumption, turned them into magpies. (see Ovid, ''Metamorphoses'' 6.294–340, 662–78)
She was sometimes believed to be Homer's muse for the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Roman epic poet, Virgil, invokes her in the Aeneid (9.523).
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