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' (Pali; Skt.: ') is a Buddhist concept of "spiritual friendship" within Buddhist community life, applicable to both monastic and householder relationships. One involved in such a relationship is known as a "good friend," "virtuous friend," "noble friend" or "admirable friend" (). Since early Buddhist history, these relationships have involved spiritual teacher-student dyads as well as communal peer groups. In general, such is a supportive relationship based on shared Buddhist ethical values and the pursuit of enlightenment. In contemporary Western society, this concept has gained increased currency within the Triratna Buddhist Community (formerly the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order) (UK) and the Spirit Rock Meditation Center (USA).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title="Calling all Kalyana Mitta" (Fall 2005 Spirit Rock Newsletter) ); and, (【引用サイトリンク】 title=Kalyana Mitta Study Groups )〕 ==Canonical sources== In the Pali Canon's ''Upaddha Sutta'' (SN 45.2), there is a conversation between the Buddha and his disciple Ananda in which Ananda enthusiastically declares, 'This is half of the holy life, lord: admirable friendship, admirable companionship, admirable camaraderie.' The Buddha replies: :'Don't say that, Ananda. Don't say that. Admirable friendship, admirable companionship, admirable camaraderie is actually the whole of the holy life. When a monk has admirable people as friends, companions, & comrades, he can be expected to develop & pursue the noble eightfold path.'〔(【引用サイトリンク】Thanissaro Bhikkhu (1997) "> title=Upaddha Sutta: Half (of the Holy Life) (SN 45.2) ) Also see 〕 The Buddha elaborates that, through such friendships, one develops each of the path factors through seclusion, dispassion and cessation. Further, the Buddha states that through spiritual friendship with the Buddha himself followers have gained release from suffering. According to Dr. R.L. Soni, canonical discourses state that "companionship with the wise" leads to the following developmental progression: "listening to good advice, rational faith, noble thoughts, clear thinking, self-control, good conduct, conquest of the hindrances, gaining of wisdom and the consequent liberation."〔Dr R.L. Soni, ''Life’s Highest Blessings'' (The Wheel Publication No. 254) (Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1997) retrieved 2007-11-08 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/soni/wheel254.html.〕 More broadly, in Itivuttaka 1.17, the Buddha declares: :'With regard to external factors, I don't envision any other single factor like admirable friendship as doing so much for a monk in training, who has not attained the heart's goal but remains intent on the unsurpassed safety from bondage. A monk who is a friend with admirable people abandons what is unskillful and develops what is skillful.'〔(【引用サイトリンク】Thanissaro Bhikkhu (2001) "> title=The Group of Ones (Iti. 1-27) )〕 In terms of householders, the Buddha provides the following elaboration in the ''Dighajanu Sutta'' (AN 8.54): :'And what is meant by admirable friendship? There is the case where a lay person, in whatever town or village he may dwell, spends time with householders or householders' sons, young or old, who are advanced in virtue. He talks with them, engages them in discussions. He emulates consummate conviction in those who are consummate in conviction, consummate virtue in those who are consummate in virtue, consummate generosity in those who are consummate in generosity, and consummate discernment in those who are consummate in discernment. This is called admirable friendship.'〔(【引用サイトリンク】Thanissaro Bhikkhu (1995) "> title=Dighajanu (Vyagghapajja) Sutta: To Dighajanu (AN 8.54) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kalyāṇa-mittatā」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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