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Kamaiya is a traditional system of bonded labour in southern Nepal. The people affected are also called Kamaiya or Kamaiyas. The terms "Kamlari" and "Kamalari" are also being used in the same ways, e.g. by the Nepalese Supreme Court and United Nations respectively. ==History== Various forms of forced labour and bondsman systems existed since the 17th century. Traditionally, people without land or work could get loans from landowners allowing them to sustain a minimum livelihood. In exchange to this, they had to live and work on the landowner's land as quasi slaves. Exorbitant debts were charged, and whole families were forced to slave labour for years and even generations, bonded by indebtedness to the landowner and bonded by unequal social relations to sell labour in lieu of the loan taken.〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=World Organization Against Torture (2006) )〕 Following the eradication of malaria in the Terai region in the 1950-60s, the large influx of hill migrants marginalized traditionally landowning Tharu people by occupying their lands. While the Tharus had no records of the land they were cultivating, the settlers registered the land in their name, forcing the Tharus to work as agricultural labourers. The customary practice of obtaining a "helping hand for family business" was gradually replaced by the forced labour system called Kamaiya, which in Tharu parlance is tantamount to hardworking hired farm labour.〔 The Kamaiya system existed in particular in western Nepal and affects especially the Tharu people and Dalits. In its modern form, girls and young women are sold by their parents into indentured servitude under contract for periods of one year with richer, higher-caste buyers, generally from outside their villages.〔 In 2006, the Supreme Court of Nepal affirmed that this practice known as ''Kamlari'' is illegal. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kamaiya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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